Tsananguro yeChigadzirwa
Mapaipi akasungirirwa nesimbi isina ngura akakosha mumaindasitiri akasiyana-siyana nekuda kwekugara kwawo kwenguva refu, kuramba ngura, uye kushanduka-shanduka. Mapaipi aya akagadzirwa kuburikidza nehurongwa hwekushongedza, achibatanidza machira esimbi isina ngura kana zvidimbu kuti agadzire machubhu e cylindrical. Heino tsananguro yakazara yemapaipi akasungirirwa nesimbi isina ngura:
Zvishandiso uye Magiredhi:
● 304 ne316 dzakatevedzana: Magiredhi esimbi isina ngura akajairika.
● 310/S uye 310H: Simbi isina ngura inodzivirira kupisa kwakanyanya inoshandiswa muchoto uye mukuchinjana kupisa.
● 321 ne321H: Magiredhi anodzivirira kupisa akakodzera nzvimbo dzinopisa zvakanyanya.
● 904L: Chishandiso chinodzivirira ngura zvakanyanya munzvimbo dzine hukasha.
● S31803: Simbi isina ngura ine duplex, inopa simba uye inodzivirira ngura.
Maitiro Ekugadzira:
● Kubatanidza Kubatanidza Kwemagetsi (EFW): Mukuita uku, musono wenguva refu unosungirirwa nekushandisa simba remagetsi paarc yekushongedza.
● Kunyungudutsa Arc Welding (SAW): Pano, weld inogadzirwa nekunyungudutsa mipendero ne arc inoenderera mberi ichinyunguduka.
● Kukwesha Kwemagetsi Akawanda (HFI): Nzira iyi inoshandisa ma "high-frequency currents" kugadzira musono we "weld" mukuita kunoenderera mberi.
Zvakanakira:
● Kuramba Kuora: Kuramba kukanganiswa nezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinoparadza uye nharaunda.
● Simba: Simba guru remakanika rinovimbisa kusimba kwechimiro.
● Kushandiswa Kwazvo: Inowanikwa muhukuru hwakasiyana-siyana, mamakisi, uye kupedzisa kuti ikwane mashandisirwo akasiyana.
● Hutsanana: Yakakodzera maindasitiri ane zvinodiwa zvakasimba zvehutsanana.
● Kugara kwenguva refu: Inoratidza kugara kwenguva refu, zvichiita kuti igare kwenguva refu.
Muchidimbu, mapaipi akasungirirwa esimbi isina ngura akakosha mumaindasitiri ese, zvichipa kugara kwenguva refu, kuramba ngura, uye kushanduka-shanduka mumabasa akasiyana-siyana. Kusarudzwa kwakakodzera kwegiredhi, nzira yekugadzira, uye kutevedzera mitemo yeindasitiri zvakakosha pakuona kushanda zvakanaka uye kuchengetedzeka kwemapaipi akasungirirwa.
Magadzirirwo
| ASTM A312/A312M:304, 304L, 310/S, 310H, 316, 316L, 321, 321H nezvimwewo... |
| EN 10216-5: 1.4301, 1.4307, 1.4401, 1.4404, 1.4571, 1.4432, 1.4435, 1.4541, 1.4550 nezvimwewo... |
| DIN 17456: 1.4301, 1.4307, 1.4401, 1.4404, 1.4571, 1.4432, 1.4435, 1.4541, 1.4550 nezvimwewo... |
| JIS G3459: SUS304TB, SUS304LTB, SUS316TB, SUS316LTB nezvimwewo... |
| GB/T 14976: 06Cr19Ni10, 022Cr19Ni10, 06Cr17Ni12Mo2 |
| Simbi isina ngura yeAustenitic:TP304, TP304L, TP304H, TP310S, TP316, TP316L, TP316H, TP316Ti, TP317, TP317L, TP321, TP321H, TP347, TP347H, TP347HFG N08904(904L), S30432, S31254, N08367, S30815... Simbi isina ngura mbiri:S31803, S32205, S32750, S32760, S32707, S32906... Nickel chiwanikwa:N04400, N06600, N06625, N08800, N08810(800H), N08825... Mashandisirwo:Maindasitiri ekugadzira peturu, kemikari, gasi rechisikigo, simba remagetsi uye michina. |
| DN mm | NB Inchi | OD mm | SCH40S mm | SCH5S mm | SCH10S mm | SCH10 mm | SCH20 mm | SCH40 mm | SCH60 mm | XS/80S mm | SCH80 mm | SCH100 mm | SCH120 mm | SCH140 mm | SCH160 mm | SCHXXS mm |
| 6 | 1/8” | 10.29 | 1.24 | 1.73 | 2.41 | |||||||||||
| 8 | 1/4” | 13.72 | 1.65 | 2.24 | 3.02 | |||||||||||
| 10 | 3/8” | 17.15 | 1.65 | 2.31 | 3.20 | |||||||||||
| 15 | 1/2” | 21.34 | 2.77 | 1.65 | 2.11 | 2.77 | 3.73 | 3.73 | 4.78 | 7.47 | ||||||
| 20 | 3/4” | 26.67 | 2.87 | 1.65 | 2.11 | 2.87 | 3.91 | 3.91 | 5.56 | 7.82 | ||||||
| 25 | 1” | 33.40 | 3.38 | 1.65 | 2.77 | 3.38 | 4.55 | 4.55 | 6.35 | 9.09 | ||||||
| 32 | 1 1/4” | 42.16 | 3.56 | 1.65 | 2.77 | 3.56 | 4.85 | 4.85 | 6.35 | 9.70 | ||||||
| 40 | 1 1/2” | 48.26 | 3.68 | 1.65 | 2.77 | 3.68 | 5.08 | 5.08 | 7.14 | 10.15 | ||||||
| 50 | 2” | 60.33 | 3.91 | 1.65 | 2.77 | 3.91 | 5.54 | 5.54 | 9.74 | 11.07 | ||||||
| 65 | 2 1/2” | 73.03 | 5.16 | 2.11 | 3.05 | 5.16 | 7.01 | 7.01 | 9.53 | 14.02 | ||||||
| 80 | 3” | 88.90 | 5.49 | 2.11 | 3.05 | 5.49 | 7.62 | 7.62 | 11.13 | 15.24 | ||||||
| 90 | 3 1/2” | 101.60 | 5.74 | 2.11 | 3.05 | 5.74 | 8.08 | 8.08 | ||||||||
| 100 | 4” | 114.30 | 6.02 | 2.11 | 3.05 | 6.02 | 8.56 | 8.56 | 11.12 | 13.49 | 17.12 | |||||
| 125 | 5” | 141.30 | 6.55 | 2.77 | 3.40 | 6.55 | 9.53 | 9.53 | 12.70 | 15.88 | 19.05 | |||||
| 150 | 6” | 168.27 | 7.11 | 2.77 | 3.40 | 7.11 | 10.97 | 10.97 | 14.27 | 18.26 | 21.95 | |||||
| 200 | 8” | 219.08 | 8.18 | 2.77 | 3.76 | 6.35 | 8.18 | 10.31 | 12.70 | 12.70 | 15.09 | 19.26 | 20.62 | 23.01 | 22.23 | |
| 250 | 10” | 273.05 | 9.27 | 3.40 | 4.19 | 6.35 | 9.27 | 12.70 | 12.70 | 15.09 | 19.26 | 21.44 | 25.40 | 28.58 | 25.40 | |
| 300 | 12” | 323.85 | 9.53 | 3.96 | 4.57 | 6.35 | 10.31 | 14.27 | 12.70 | 17.48 | 21.44 | 25.40 | 28.58 | 33.32 | 25.40 | |
| 350 | 14” | 355.60 | 9.53 | 3.96 | 4.78 | 6.35 | 7.92 | 11.13 | 15.09 | 12.70 | 19.05 | 23.83 | 27.79 | 31.75 | 35.71 | |
| 400 | 16” | 406.40 | 9.53 | 4.19 | 4.78 | 6.35 | 7.92 | 12.70 | 16.66 | 12.70 | 21.44 | 26.19 | 30.96 | 36.53 | 40.49 | |
| 450 | 18” | 457.20 | 9.53 | 4.19 | 4.78 | 6.35 | 7.92 | 14.27 | 19.05 | 12.70 | 23.83 | 29.36 | 34.93 | 39.67 | 45.24 | |
| 500 | 20” | 508.00 | 9.53 | 4.78 | 5.54 | 6.35 | 9.53 | 15.09 | 20.62 | 12.70 | 26.19 | 32.54 | 38.10 | 44.45 | 50.01 | |
| 550 | 22” | 558.80 | 9.53 | 4.78 | 5.54 | 6.35 | 9.53 | 22.23 | 12.70 | 28.58 | 34.93 | 41.28 | 47.63 | 53.98 | ||
| 600 | 24” | 609.60 | 9.53 | 5.54 | 6.35 | 6.35 | 9.53 | 17.48 | 24.61 | 12.70 | 30.96 | 38.89 | 46.02 | 52.37 | 59.54 | |
| 650 | 26” | 660.40 | 9.53 | 7.92 | 12.70 | 12.70 | ||||||||||
| 700 | 28” | 711.20 | 9.53 | 7.92 | 12.70 | 12.70 | ||||||||||
| 750 | 30” | 762.00 | 9.53 | 6.35 | 7.92 | 7.92 | 12.70 | 12.70 | ||||||||
| 800 | 32” | 812.80 | 9.53 | 7.92 | 12.70 | 17.48 | 12.70 | |||||||||
| 850 | 34” | 863.60 | 9.53 | 7.92 | 12.70 | 17.48 | 12.70 | |||||||||
| 900 | 36” | 914.40 | 9.53 | 7.92 | 12.70 | 19.05 | 12.70 | |||||||||
| DN 1000mm zvichikwira. Ukobvu hwemadziro epombi hunofanirwa kugadziriswa | ||||||||||||||||
Standard & Giredhi
| Zvakajairika | Magiredhi eSimbi |
| ASTM A312/A312M: Mapaipi eSimbi Isina Musono, Akasungirirwa, uye Anotonhora Zvikuru Anoshandiswa muAustenitic | 304, 304L, 310S, 310H, 316, 316L, 321, 321H nezvimwewo... |
| ASTM A269: Machubhu esimbi isina ngura asina musono uye akasungirirwa ebasa rakawanda | TP304, TP304L, TP316, TP316L, TP321.TP347 nezvimwewo... |
| ASTM A249: Boiler yeSimbi yeAustenitic Yakasungirirwa, Superheater, Heat-Exchanger, uye Condenser Tubes | 304, 304L, 316, 316L, 316H, 316N, 316LN, 317, 317L, 321, 321H, 347, 347H, 348 |
| ASTM A269: Machubhu eSimbi Isina Musono uye Akasungirirwa eSimbi Isina Musono uye Akasungirirwa | 304, 304L, 316, 316L, 316H, 316N, 316LN, 317, 317L, 321, 321H, 347, 347H, 348 |
| ASTM A270: Simbi Isina Musono uye Yakasungirirwa yeAustenitic neFerritic/Austenitic Stainless Steel Sanitary Tubing | Simbi Isina Kusimba yeAustenitic: 304, 304L, 316, 316L, 316H, 316N, 316LN, 317, 317L, 321, 321H, 347, 347H, 348 Simbi Isina Kusimba yeFerritic/Austenitic (Duplex) Magiredhi: S31803, S32205 |
| ASTM A358/A358M: Zvinodiwa paWelded Austenitic Steel Pipe yeNzvimbo Dzinopisa, Dzinodzvanyirira, uye Dzinoparadza | 304, 304L, 316, 316L, 316H, 316N, 316LN, 317, 317L, 321, 321H, 347, 347H, 348 |
| ASTM A554: Machubhu esimbi isina ngura akasungirirwa, anowanzo shandiswa pakugadzira kana kushongedza | 304, 304L, 316, 316L |
| ASTM A789: Machubhu esimbi isina ngura asina musono uye akasungirirwa eferritic/austenitic ekushandira vanhu vose | S31803 (Simbi isina ngura yeDuplex) S32205 (Simbi isina ngura yeDuplex) |
| ASTM A790: Pombi yesimbi isina ngura isina musono uye yakasungirirwa yesimbi yeferritic/austenitic inoshandiswa pakugadzirisa ngura, pakupisa kwakanyanya, uye mapaipi esimbi isina ngura maviri. | S31803 (Simbi isina ngura yeDuplex) S32205 (Simbi isina ngura yeDuplex) |
| EN 10217-7: Mapombi esimbi isina ngura akasungirirwa zvinodiwa muEuropean Standard manufacturing. | 1.4301, 1.4307, 1.4401, 1.4404, 1.4571, 1.4003, 1.4509, 1.4510, 1.4462, 1.4948, 1.4878 nezvimwewo... |
| DIN 17457: ChiGerman Standard chinoshandiswa kugadzira mapaipi esimbi isina ngura | 1.4301, 1.4307, 1.4401, 1.4404, 1.4571, 1.4003, 1.4509, 1.4510, 1.4462, 1.4948, 1.4878 nezvimwewo... |
| JIS G3468: Muyero weIndasitiri wechiJapan unotsanangura zvinodiwa pakugadzira mapaipi esimbi isina ngura akasungirirwa. | SUS304, SUS304L, SUS316, SUS316L, SUS329J3L nezvimwewo... |
| GB/T 12771: Chinese National Standard inoshandiswa pakugadzira mapaipi esimbi isina ngura. | 06Cr19Ni10, 022Cr19Ni1, 06Cr17Ni12Mo2, 022Cr22Ni5Mo3N |
| Simbi isina ngura yeAustenitic:TP304, TP304L, TP304H, TP310S, TP316, TP316L, TP316H, TP316Ti, TP317, TP317L, TP321, TP321H, TP347, TP347H, TP347HFG N08904(904L), S30432, S31254, N08367, S30815... Simbi isina ngura mbiri:S31803, S32205, S32750, S32760, S32707, S32906... Nickel Alloy:N04400, N06600, N06625, N08800, N08810(800H), N08825... Mashandisirwo: Petroleum, Kemikari, Gasi rechisikigo, Simba remagetsi uye maindasitiri ekugadzira michina yeMechanical. | |
Kudzora Hunhu
Kuongorora Zvinhu Zvisina Kugadzirwa, Kuongorora Makemikari, Kuedza Kwemuchina, Kuongorora Zvinoonekwa, Kuongorora Dimension, Kuedza Kukombama, Kuedza Kukanganisa, Kuedza Kuora Kwepakati, Kuongorora Kusingaparadze (UT, MT, PT) Maitiro Ekugadzirisa Welding, Kuongorora Microstructure, Kuedza Kupenya Nekupeta, Kuedza Kuoma, Kuedza Kudzvanya, Kuedza KweFerrite Content, Kuedza Metallography, Kuedza Kuora, Kuedza Kuoma KweEddy Current, Kuedza Kupfapfaidza Munyu, Kuedza Kuramba Kuora, Kuedza Kudengenyeka, Kuedza Kuora Kwepitting, Kuongorora Kupenda Nekupeta, Ongororo Yemagwaro…..
Kushandisa & Kushandiswa
Mapaipi akasungirirwa nesimbi isina ngura anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri akasiyana-siyana nekuda kwehunhu hwawo hwakanaka uye kugona kwawo kuita zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana. Mapaipi aya anoshandiswa mumabasa akasiyana-siyana, nekuda kwekugara kwawo kwenguva refu, kuramba ngura, uye kukodzera nharaunda dzakasiyana-siyana. Mamwe enzvimbo dzakakosha dzekushandisa uye kushandisa mapaipi akasungirirwa nesimbi isina ngura anosanganisira:
● Kushandiswa Kwemaindasitiri: Kunowanikwa mumaindasitiri emafuta, gasi, petrochemical, uye magetsi nekuda kwekusagadzikana kwengura.
● Kuvaka: Kunoshandiswa mukugadzira mapaipi, kupa mvura, uye zvivakwa nekuda kwesimba razvo uye kugara kwenguva refu.
● Indasitiri Yezvekudya: Zvakakosha pakuendesa chikafu nezvinwiwa, kuzadzisa mitemo yehutsanana.
● Mota: Inoshandiswa mumagetsi anobudisa utsi uye zvikamu zvemaumbirwo, ichitsungirira mamiriro ezvinhu akaoma.
● Zvekurapa: Zvinoshandiswa mumidziyo yekurapa uye mumapombi ekuchenesa, zvichiisa kuchena pamberi.
● Kurima: Kune masisitimu ekudiridza anodzivirira ngura, zvichiita kuti mvura igoverwe zvakanaka.
● Kurapa Mvura: Yakakodzera kutakura mvura yakanatswa uye yakabviswa munyu.
● Gungwa remugungwa: Rinodzivirira ngura yemvura ine munyu, rinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mungarava nezvivakwa zvegungwa.
● Simba: Kutakura mvura muchikamu chesimba, kusanganisira gasi rechisikigo nemafuta.
● Pulp neBepa: Zvakakosha pakutakura makemikari nemvura mukugadzirwa.
Muchidimbu, mapaipi akasungirirwa nesimbi isina ngura anoshanda sezvinhu zvakakosha mumaindasitiri akasiyana-siyana uye mashandisirwo awo. Kusagona kwavo ngura, simba remakanika, uye kugona kwavo kusangana nezvinodiwa zvakaoma zvinoita kuti ave akakosha muzvivakwa zvemazuva ano, mashandiro emaindasitiri, uye zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvehunyanzvi.
Kurongedza & Kutumira
Mapaipi esimbi isina ngura anoiswa nekungwarira kukuru kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti akachengetedzwa panguva yekufambisa. Heino tsananguro yemaitiro ekurongedza nekutumira:
Kurongedza:
● Kuvhara Kunodzivirira: Pamberi pekurongedza, mapaipi esimbi isina ngura anowanzo putirwa nemafuta kana firimu kudzivirira ngura pamusoro uye kukuvara.
● Kusunga: Mapaipi ane saizi dzakafanana uye zvinodiwa zvakafanana anobatanidzwa pamwe chete nokungwarira. Anosungwa achishandisa tambo, tambo, kana mabhandi epurasitiki kudzivirira kufamba mukati mebhandi.
● Zvivharo Zvekumagumo: Zvivharo zvepurasitiki kana zvesimbi zvinoiswa pamativi ese emapaipi kuti zvipe dziviriro yakawedzerwa kumagumo emapaipi neshinda.
● Kuisa Mapadhi neKuisa Makusheni: Zvinhu zvekuisa mapadhi zvakaita sefuro, kuputira mabubble, kana kadhibhodhi rakarukwa zvinoshandiswa kupa mapadhi nekudzivirira kukuvara panguva yekufambisa.
● Mabhokisi kana Makasi eMatanda: Mune zvimwe zviitiko, mapaipi anogona kuiswa mumabhokisi kana makasi ematanda kuti adzivirire zvakanyanya kubva kumasimba ekunze uye kubata.
Kutumira:
● Nzira Yokufambisa: Mapaipi esimbi isina ngura anowanzo tumirwa achishandisa nzira dzakasiyana dzekufambisa dzakadai semarori, ngarava, kana kutakurwa kwendege, zvichienderana nekwavanoenda uye nekukurumidza.
● Kuisa mumidziyo: Mapaipi anogona kuiswa mumidziyo yekutakura zvinhu kuti zvive nechokwadi chekuti zvinhu zvinofambiswa zvakanaka uye zvakarongeka. Izvi zvinopawo dziviriro kubva kumamiriro ekunze uye tsvina yekunze.
● Kunyora uye Kunyora Magwaro: Pakeji yega yega yakanyorwa ruzivo rwakakosha, kusanganisira zvirevo, huwandu, mirairo yekubata, uye ruzivo rwekuenda. Magwaro ekutumira anogadzirwa kuti abviswe uye atevedzwe.
● Kutevedzera Mutemo weCustoms: Pakutumira zvinhu kunze kwenyika, magwaro ese anodiwa ecustom akagadzirirwa kuti zvive pachena kuti zvinhu zvinofamba zvakanaka panzvimbo yauri kuenda.
● Kusunga Zvakachengeteka: Mukati memota yekutakura kana mugaba, mapaipi anosungirirwa zvakachengeteka kudzivirira kufamba uye kuderedza njodzi yekukuvadzwa panguva yekufambisa.
● Kutevera neKutarisa: Masisitimu ekutevera epamusoro anogona kushandiswa kutarisa nzvimbo nemamiriro ekutumira zvinhu panguva chaiyo.
● Inishuwarenzi: Zvichienderana nekukosha kwenhumbi, inishuwarenzi yekutumira zvinhu inogona kuwanikwa kuti ivhare kurasikirwa kana kukuvara kunogona kuitika panguva yekufambisa.
Muchidimbu, mapaipi esimbi isina ngura atagadzira achaiswa zvinhu zvinodzivirira uye achatumirwa nenzira dzakavimbika dzekutakura kuitira kuti asvike kwaanoenda ari mumamiriro akanaka. Maitiro ekurongedza nemafambisirwo akakodzera anobatsira pakuvimbika uye kunaka kwemapaipi anouya.
















