Simbi isina tsvina inogona kuwanikwa kwese kwese muhupenyu, uye kune marudzi ese emhando dzakapusa kusiyanisa. Nhasi kugoverana newe chinyorwa chekujekesa pfungwa dzezivo pano.
Stainless simbi ndiyo chidimbu cheStainless acid-resistant simbi, mhepo, chiutsi, mvura uye zvimwe zvisina kusimba zvinoodza media kana simbi isina simbi inozivikanwa sesimbi isina simbi; uye ichave inoshingirira kumakemikari anoodza media (asidhi, alkali, munyu, uye mamwe makemikari impregnation) ngura yesimbi inonzi acid-resistant simbi.
Simbi isina tsvina inoreva mhepo, chiutsi, mvura uye zvimwe zvisina kusimba zvinoodza media uye maasidhi, alkalis, munyu uye mamwe makemikari ekuora media corrosion yesimbi, inozivikanwawo sesimbi isina simbi inodzivirira asidhi. Mukuita, kazhinji simbi isingaite corrosion corrosion inonzi stainless steel, uye chemical media corrosion-resistant simbi inonzi acid-resistant steel. Nekuda kwekusiyana kwekemikari yezviviri izvi, yekutanga haigoni kurwisana nemakemikari media corrosion, asi iyo yekupedzisira inowanzova isina tsvina. Iyo corrosion resistance yesimbi isina tsvina inobva pane alloying zvinhu zviri musimbi.
Common Classification
Maererano nesangano remetallurgical
Kazhinji, maererano nesangano remetallurgical, simbi dzakajairwa dzisina tsvina dzakakamurwa muzvikamu zvitatu: austenitic Stainless steels, ferritic Stainless steels uye martensitic Stainless steels. Pahwaro hwesangano resimbi rekutanga rezvikamu zvitatu izvi, duplex simbi, kunaya kunoomesa simbi isina tsvina uye yakakwirira alloy simbi ine isingasviki 50% iron inotorwa kune chaiyo zvinodiwa uye zvinangwa.
1. Austenitic simbi isina tsvina
Iyo matrix yekutarisana-yakatarisana cubic crystal chimiro chesangano reaustenitic (CY phase) inotongwa neasina magineti, kunyanya kuburikidza nekutonhora kushanda kuti isimbise (uye inogona kutungamira kune imwe dhigirii remagineti) yesimbi isina tsvina. IAmerican Iron uye Steel Institute kusvika ku200 uye mazana matatu akatevedzana emanhamba mavara, akadai se304.
2. Ferritic simbi isina tsvina
Matrix kune body-center cubic crystal chimiro chesangano referrite (chikamu) chakanyanya, magineti, kazhinji hachigone kuomeswa nekupisa kupisa, asi kushanda kunotonhora kunogona kuita kuti isimbiswe zvishoma simbi isina tsvina. American Iron uye Steel Institute kusvika 430 uye 446 yezita.
3. Martensitic simbi isina tsvina
Iyo matrix isangano remartensitic (body-centred cubic kana cubic), magineti, kuburikidza nekupisa kurapwa inogona kugadzirisa ma mechanics ayo esimbi isina tsvina. American Iron and Steel Institute kusvika 410, 420, uye 440 manhamba akamakwa. Martensite ine orstenitic organisation patembiricha yakakwira, inogona kushandurwa kuita martensite (kureva yakaomeswa) kana yatonhodzwa kusvika kune tembiricha yekamuri pamwero wakakodzera.
4. Austenitic a ferrite (duplex) mhando yesimbi isina tsvina
Iyo matrix ine zvese zviri zviviri austenitic uye ferrite maviri-chikamu sangano, iyo zviri mukati mechikamu chidiki matrix kazhinji yakakura kupfuura 15%, magineti, inogona kusimbiswa nekutonhora kushanda kwesimbi isina tsvina, 329 inguva yakajairwa duplex simbi isina tsvina. Kuenzaniswa ne austenitic Stainless simbi, duplex simbi yakakwira simba, kuramba kune intergranular corrosion uye chloride stress corrosion uye gomba corrosion inovandudzwa zvakanyanya.
5. Kunaya kunoomesa simbi isina tsvina
Iyo matrix ndeye austenitic kana martensitic organisation, uye inogona kuomeswa nekunaya kwemvura inoomesa kurapwa kuti iite yakaoma simbi isina tsvina. American Iron uye Steel Institute kune mazana matanhatu akatevedzana edhijitari mavara, akadai se630, kureva, 17-4PH.
Kazhinji, kuwedzera kune alloys, kusimba kwekuora kweaustenitic stainless steel kwakakwirira, munzvimbo isinganyanyi kuora, unogona kushandisa ferritic stainless simbi, munzvimbo dzinopisa zvinyoro, kana zvinhu zvichidikanwa kuti zvive nesimba rakakwirira kana kuoma kwakanyanya, unogona kushandisa martensitic simbi isina tsvina uye mvura inoomesa simbi isina tsvina.
Hunhu uye kushandiswa
Surface process
Musiyano wekukora
1. Nekuda kwekuti muchina wechigayo chesimbi mukukungurutswa, mipumburu inodziirwa nekudzongonyedzwa kushoma, zvichikonzera kuburitsa kutsauka kweplate, kazhinji gobvu pakati pemativi maviri ehutete. Pakuyera kukora kweplate yenyika mitemo inofanira kuyerwa pakati pemusoro weplate.
2. Chikonzero chekushivirira kwakavakirwa pamusika uye kudiwa kwevatengi, kazhinji kwakakamurwa kuva kushivirira kukuru uye kudiki.
V. Manufacturing, kuongorora zvinodiwa
1. Pipe ndiro
① spliced tube plate butt joints ye 100% ray yekuongorora kana UT, inokodzera nhanho: RT: Ⅱ UT: Ⅰ level;
② Pamusoro pesimbi isina tsvina, spliced pombi ndiro inosimbisa kupisa kurapwa;
③ chubhu ndiro gomba bhiriji upamhi kutsauka: zvinoenderana neformula yekuverenga hupamhi hwegomba zambuko: B = (S - d) - D1
Minimum upamhi hwegomba bhiriji: B = 1/2 (S - d) + C;
2. Tube bhokisi kupisa kurapwa:
Kabhoni simbi, yakaderera alloy simbi yakashongedzwa neyakapatsanurwa-chikamu chechikamu chepombi bhokisi, pamwe nepombi bhokisi rekuvhura lateral rinopfuura 1/3 yemukati dhayamita ye cylinder pombi bhokisi, mukushandiswa kwewelding yekumisa kushushikana kupisa kupisa, flange uye partition yekuisa chisimbiso chepamusoro inofanira kugadziriswa mushure mekupisa kwekupisa.
3. Muedzo wepressure
Kana iyo goko dhizaini dhizaini yakadzikira pane chubhu process kudzvanywa, kuitira kuti utarise kunaka kweiyo inopisa exchanger chubhu uye chubhu yekubatanidza.
① Shell chirongwa chinomanikidza kuwedzera bvunzo kudzvanywa nepombi chirongwa chinoenderana neiyo hydraulic bvunzo, kutarisa kana kubuda kwepombi majoini. (Zvisinei, zvinodikanwa kuve nechokwadi kuti yekutanga firimu kushushikana kwegoko panguva yekuedzwa kwehydraulic ndeye ≤0.9ReLΦ)
② Kana iyo nzira iri pamusoro isina kukodzera, goko rinogona kuve hydrostatic bvunzo zvinoenderana nekutanga kudzvanywa mushure mekupfuura, uyezve goko reammonia kuvuza bvunzo kana halogen kuvuza bvunzo.
Imhando ipi yesimbi isina tsvina isiri nyore kuita ngura?
Pane zvinhu zvitatu zvakakosha zvinokanganisa ngura yesimbi isina tsvina:
1.Zvinyorwa zvealloying elements. Kazhinji kutaura, zviri mukati mechromium mu10.5% simbi hazvisi nyore kuita ngura. Iyo yakakwirira yemukati yechromium uye nickel corrosion resistance iri nani, senge 304 material nickel content of 85 ~ 10%, chromium content 18% ~ 20%, Stainless simbi yakadaro kazhinji haisi ngura.
2. Kunyunguduka kwemugadziri kuchaitawo kukanganisa kupikisa kwesimbi isina tsvina. Tekinoroji yekunyungudutsa yakanaka, midziyo yepamberi, tekinoroji yepamberi, hombe yesimbi isina tsvina chirimwa zvese zviri mukutonga kwealloying zvinhu, kubviswa kwetsvina, billet kutonhora tembiricha kutonga kunogona kuvimbiswa, saka mhando yechigadzirwa yakagadzikana uye yakavimbika, yakanaka intrinsic mhando, haisi nyore kuita ngura. Pane zvinopesana, imwe diki simbi chirimwa midziyo kumashure, kumashure tekinoroji, kunyungudutsa muitiro, tsvina haigone kubviswa, kugadzirwa kwezvigadzirwa kuchaita ngura.
3. Mamiriro ekunze. Iyo yakaoma uye inofefetera nharaunda haisi nyore kuita ngura, nepo hunyoro hwemhepo, kunoramba kuchinaya, kana mweya une acidity uye alkalinity yezvakatipoteredza zviri nyore kuita ngura. 304 zvinhu simbi isina tsvina, kana nharaunda yakatenderedza yakashata zvakare ine ngura.
Stainless simbi ngura mavara sei kubata nazvo?
1.Chemical nzira
Ne pickling paste kana kupfapfaidza kubatsira mativi ayo ane ngura kudzoreredza kuumbwa kwe chromium oxide firimu kuti idzorere kushora kwayo, mushure mekunhonga, kuitira kubvisa zvese zvinosvibisa uye masara easidhi, zvakakosha kwazvo kuita sukurudza yakakodzera nemvura. Mushure mekunge zvese zvagadziriswa uye kukwenenzverwa nemidziyo yekupolisha, inogona kuvharwa newakisi yekupenya. Nokuti dzomunharaunda zvishoma ngura makwapa anogonawo kushandiswa 1: 1 peturu, mafuta musanganiswa ane rag yakachena kupukuta kubva ngura mavara anogona kuva.
2. Mechanical nzira
Kucheneswa kwejecha, kuchenesa negirazi kana zvimedu zveceramic kuputika, kuparara, kukwesha nekupukuta. Mechanical nzira dzine mukana wekupukuta kusvibiswa kunokonzerwa nezvinhu zvakambobviswa, zvekuporisha kana zvinhu zvakadzima. Mhando dzese dzekusvibiswa, kunyanya simbi dzekunze, dzinogona kuita ngura, kunyanya munzvimbo dzine mwando. Naizvozvo, nzvimbo dzakacheneswa nemichina dzinofanirwa kucheneswa zviri pamutemo pasi pemamiriro akaoma. Kushandiswa kwema mechanical nzira kunongochenesa nzvimbo yaro uye haishanduki kushorwa kwekuora kwezvinhu pachayo. Naizvozvo, zvinokurudzirwa kukwenenzverazve pamusoro nemidziyo yekupolisha uye woivhara newakisi yekupolisha mushure mekuchenesa kwemuchina.
Instrumentation inowanzoshandiswa Stainless simbi mamakisi uye zvivakwa
1.304 simbi isina tsvina. Ndiyo imwe yeaustenitic stainless steels ine kushandiswa kukuru uye kushandiswa kwakakura kwazvo, yakakodzera kugadzira zvikamu zvakadzika-zvakadhindwa zvekuumbwa uye mapiipi ane acid, midziyo, zvikamu zvekugadzirisa, marudzi akasiyana-siyana emitumbi yezviridzwa, nezvimwewo. Inogonawo kugadzira isiri-magnetic, yakaderera-yekushisa midziyo uye zvikamu.
2.304L simbi isina tsvina. Kuti ugadzirise kunaya kweCr23C6 kunokonzerwa ne304 simbi isina tsvina mune mamwe mamiriro kune yakakomba maitiro eiyo intergranular corrosion uye kugadzirwa kweultra-low carbon austenitic stainless simbi, yayo inonzwisiswa ye intergranular corrosion resistance iri nani zvakanyanya kupfuura 304 stainless simbi. Pamusoro pesimba rakadzikira zvishoma, zvimwe zvivakwa zvine 321 simbi isina tsvina, inonyanya kushandiswa kune corrosion-resistant midziyo uye zvikamu hazvigone kuve welded mhinduro kurapwa, inogona kushandiswa kugadzira akasiyana marudzi ezviridzwa.
3.304H simbi isina tsvina. 304 Stainless simbi yemukati bazi, carbon mass chikamu mu 0.04% ~ 0.10%, yakakwirira tembiricha kushanda zviri nani pane 304 Stainless simbi.
4.316 simbi isina tsvina. Mu 10Cr18Ni12 simbi yakavakirwa pakuwedzera kwe molybdenum, kuitira kuti simbi ive yakanaka yekudzivisa kudzikisa midhiya uye gomba kusagadzikana kwemarara. Mumvura yegungwa nemimwe midhiya, kupikisa kwecorrosion kuri nani pane 304 simbi isina tsvina, inonyanya kushandiswa kupinza corrosion inodzivirira zvinhu.
5.316L simbi isina tsvina. Ultra-yakaderera kabhoni simbi, ine yakanaka kuramba kune sensitized intergranular ngura, yakakodzera kugadzirwa gobvu muchinjiko-chikamu saizi yewelded zvikamu uye midziyo, senge petrochemical michina mune inodzivirira corrosion zvinhu.
6.316H simbi isina tsvina. Bazi remukati re316 simbi isina tsvina, kabhoni misa chikamu che 0.04% -0.10%, tembiricha yepamusoro inoshanda iri nani pane 316 simbi isina tsvina.
7.317 simbi isina tsvina. Pitting corrosion resistance uye creep resistance iri nani pane 316L simbi isina tsvina, inoshandiswa mukugadzira petrochemical uye organic acid corrosion resistant equipment.
8.321 simbi isina tsvina. Titanium yakagadzikana austenitic simbi isina tsvina, ichiwedzera titanium kuvandudza intergranular corrosion resistance, uye ine yakanaka yepamusoro tembiricha michina zvivakwa, inogona kutsiviwa ne Ultra-yakaderera kabhoni austenitic simbi isina tsvina. Pamusoro pekupisa kwakanyanya kana hydrogen corrosion resistance uye zvimwe zviitiko zvakakosha, mamiriro ese haakurudzirwe.
9.347 simbi isina tsvina. Niobium-yakadzikama austenitic simbi isina tsvina, niobium yakawedzerwa kuvandudza kushorwa kune intergranular corrosion, corrosion resistance muasidhi, alkali, munyu uye mamwe midhiya inoparadza ine 321 simbi isina tsvina, yakanaka welding kuita, inogona kushandiswa seyakaonda-inodzivirira zvinhu uye kupisa-inodzivirira kupisa simbi inoshandiswa, senge pombi yemagetsi, simbi yemagetsi inoshandiswa, kugadzirwa kwepombi. exchangers, shafts, mavira indasitiri muchoto chubhu uye choto chubhu thermometer uye zvichingodaro.
10.904L simbi isina tsvina. Super yakakwana austenitic Stainless simbi, super austenitic Stainless simbi yakagadzirwa neFinland Otto Kemp, iyo nickel mass chikamu che24% kusvika 26%, carbon mass chikamu chepasi pe0.02%, yakanakisa corrosion resistance, mune iyo isiri-oxidising acids yakadai sesulfuric, acetic, formic uye inopikisa kune nguva yakafanana uye phosphoric inopikisa ine nguva yekupikisa, yakanaka phosphoric inopikisa. crevice corrosion uye kuramba kune stress corrosion properties. Inokodzera kwakasiyana siyana yesulfuric acid iri pasi pe70 ℃, uye ine yakanaka corrosion resistance kune acetic acid uye yakasanganiswa asidhi yefomic acid uye acetic acid yechero kusungwa uye chero tembiricha iri pasi pekumanikidzwa kwakajairwa. Iyo yekutanga chiyero ASMEB-625 inoifananidzira kune nickel-based alloys, uye chiyero chitsva chinoiratidza nesimbi isina tsvina. China chete giredhi giredhi 015Cr19Ni26Mo5Cu2 simbi, vashoma vekuEurope vagadziri vezvishandiso zvakakosha vachishandisa 904L simbi isina tsvina, senge E + H's mass flowmeter yekuyera chubhu iko kushandiswa kwe904L Stainless simbi, Rolex wachi kesi inoshandiswa zvakare 904L Stainless simbi.
11.440C simbi isina tsvina. Martensitic Stainless simbi, yakaoma Stainless simbi, Stainless simbi mune yakanyanya kuoma, kuoma HRC57. Inonyanya kushandiswa mukugadzirwa kwemanozzles, mabearings, mavharuvhu, mavharuvhu spools, zvigaro zvevharuvhu, maoko, mavharuvhu madzinde, nezvimwe.
12.17-4PH simbi isina tsvina. Martensitic precipitation inoomesa simbi isina tsvina, kuoma HRC44, ine simba rakawanda, kuomarara uye kusaita ngura, haigone kushandiswa kune tembiricha inodarika 300 ℃. Iine kunaka kwekudzivirira kusvibiswa kune zvose zviri mumhepo uye dilute acids kana munyu, uye kudzivirira kwayo kwekuora kwakafanana neyo 304 simbi isina tsvina uye 430 simbi isina tsvina, iyo inoshandiswa mukugadzira mapuratifomu ekumahombekombe, turbine blades, spools, zvigaro, maoko uye madzinde emavharuvhu.
Muchishandiso chezviridzwa, zvakasanganiswa nehuwandu uye nyaya dzemutengo, iyo yakajairwa austenitic Stainless simbi yekusarudzira kurongeka ndeye 304-304L-316-316L-317-321-347-904L simbi isina tsvina, iyo 317 isinganyanyi kushandiswa, 321 haina kukurudzirwa, 9 corrotemper chete, 9-temperature 947 chete. iyo yakasarudzika zvinhu zvezvimwe zvikamu zvevagadziri vega, dhizaini yacho haiwanzo kutora danho rekusarudza iyo 904L.
Musarudzo yekugadzira dhizaini, panowanzo kuve nemidziyo yemidziyo uye pombi zvinhu zvakasiyana nguva, kunyanya mumamiriro ekupisa kwepamusoro, isu tinofanirwa kutarisisa kusarudzwa kwezvinhu zvekushandisa kuti tisangane neiyo nzira yekugadzira tembiricha kana pombi yekugadzira tembiricha uye dhizaini yekumanikidza, senge yakakwira-tembiricha chrome molybdenum simbi pombi, nepo chiridzwa chekusarudza simbi isina tsvina, saka zvine mukana wekuti uende kunonetsa tembiricha.
Muchiridzwa dhizaini kusarudzwa, kazhinji kusangana neakasiyana masisitimu akasiyana, akateedzana, mamakisi esimbi isina tsvina, kusarudzwa kunofanirwa kuve kwakavakirwa pane chaiyo process media, tembiricha, kudzvanywa, yakasimbiswa zvikamu, ngura uye mutengo uye mamwe maonero.
Nguva yekutumira: Oct-11-2023