Mhedziso yeAlloy Materials
Tsanangudzo yeAlloy
Alloy musanganiswa une homogeneous unoumbwa nesimbi mbiri kana kupfuura, kana musanganiswa wesimbi uye zvisiri-metallic element, ine simbi hunhu. Pfungwa iri kuseri kwedhizaini yealloy ndeyekusanganisa zvinhu nenzira yekukwidziridza michina, yemuviri, uye kemikari zvivakwa kuti isangane nezvinodiwa zvekushandisa kwakasiyana.
Classification yeAlloy Materials
Zvishandiso zvealloy zvinogona kuverengerwa zvichibva pane izvo zvakakosha zvinoumba zvinhu uye zvivakwa sezvinotevera:
● Ferrous Alloys:Aya masimbi-akavakirwa alloys ane akawedzera zvinhu senge kabhoni, manganese, uye silicon, inonyanya kushandiswa mumaindasitiri ekugadzira simbi nekukanda.
● Aluminium Alloys:Aya maaluminium-based alloys ane zvinhu zvakaita semhangura, magnesium, uye zinc, inozivikanwa nekureruka, yakasimba, uye ine yakanakisa conductivity uye yekupisa zvinhu.
● Copper Alloys:Aya maaloyi emhangura ane akawedzera zvinhu senge zinc, tin, uye lead, zvinopa conductivity yakanaka, corrosion resistance, uye kushanda.
● Magnesium Alloys:Magnesium-based alloys, anowanzo kusanganiswa nealuminium, zinc, uye manganese, ndiwo simbi dzakareruka dzakasimba nekukatyamadzwa kwekudzivirira uye kupisa kupisa.
●Nickel Alloys:Nickel-based alloys ane zvinhu zvakaita sechromium, iron, uye cobalt, uye anoratidza kusimba kwekuora uye kuita kwepamusoro-tembiricha.
●Titanium Alloys:Inozivikanwa nekuda kwesimba rayo repamusoro, kuderera kwehudhi, uye kusarudzika corrosion kuramba, titanium-based alloys anoshandiswa zvakanyanya muaerospace application.
Ferrous Alloys
Kuumbwa uye Zvivakwa zveFerrous Alloys
Ferrous alloys inoumbwa nesimbi ine akasiyana alloying zvinhu zvinosimudzira mashandiro avo. Zvinhu zvakajairika zvinosanganisira:
●Carbon:Imwe yeakakosha alloying zvinhu, kusiyanisa kabhoni yemukati mune ferrous alloys inokanganisa kuoma uye kuoma. High-carbon alloys inopa kuoma kwakawanda asi kushoma kuoma.
●Silicon:Silicon inovandudza kusimba uye kuoma kweferrous alloys uye inowanzoshandiswa musilicon-iron alloys yekugadzira simbi se deoxidizer uye alloying alloy.
●Manganese:Manganese yakakosha pakuwedzera kusimba uye kuoma kweferrous alloys, uye ferromanganese alloys yakakosha pakuvandudza kupfeka kuramba uye kusimba kwesimbi.
●Chromium:Chromium-iron alloys inopa yakanakisa corrosion resistance uye yakakwirira-tembiricha simba, rinowanzoshandiswa mukugadzirwa kwesimbi isina tsvina uye yakakosha simbi.
Zvishandiso zveFerrous Alloys
Ferrous alloys anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri akasiyana siyana, kusanganisira:
●Indasitiri yeSimbi:Ferrous alloys akakosha ekuwedzera mukugadzirwa kwesimbi, anoshandiswa kushandura kuumbwa kwesimbi uye kuvandudza maitiro ayo.
●Indasitiri yekukandira:Mukuita zvekukanda, ferrous alloys inosimudzira iyo mechaniki zvivakwa uye kusimba kweakakanda simbi zvigadzirwa.
● Welding Materials:Ferrous alloys anoshandiswa mukugadzira welding tsvimbo uye flux kuve nechokwadi chemhando yepamusoro weld majoini.
●Maindasitiri eChemical and Fertilizer:Ferrous alloys anoshanda seanokonzeresa uye anoderedza vamiririri mukugadzira makemikari nefetereza.
●Kugadzira simbi:Ferrous alloys anoshandiswa mumidziyo yakaita sekucheka zviridzwa uye mold, inovandudza kusimba uye kushanda kwayo.
Aluminium Alloys
Hunhu Hunokosha hweAluminium Alloys
Aluminium alloys anozivikanwa nekureruka kwawo, kusimba kwepamusoro, uye kureruka kwekugadzirisa, zvichiita kuti ave akakosha mumaindasitiri emazuva ano. Hunhu hwakakosha hunosanganisira:
● Huremu:Aluminium alloys ane yakaderera density inosvika 2.7 g/cm³, zvichiita kuti ave akakodzera kune maapplication anoda kudzikisa huremu.
●Kusimba Kwepamusoro:Kuburikidza nealloying uye kupisa kurapwa, aruminiyamu alloys anogona kuwana yakakwirira tensile simba, aine mamwe alloys anopfuura 500 MPa.
●Kuita Kwakanaka:Pure aluminiyamu yakanakisa conductor yemagetsi nekupisa, uye aruminiyamu alloys anochengeta chikamu chakakosha cheizvi zvivakwa.
●Corrosion Resistance:Iyo yakasikwa oxide layer inoumba pamusoro pearuminiyamu alloys, ichipa yakanakisa corrosion kuramba, uye kurapwa kwakakosha kunogona kuwedzera ichi chivakwa.
●Kureruka Kwekugadzirisa:Aluminium alloys anoratidza mapurasitiki akanaka, achiita kuti ave akakodzera kukanda, extrusion, uye forging process.
Magiredhi uye Mashandisirwo eAluminium Alloys
Aluminium alloys akaiswa mumapoka zvichienderana neayo makuru alloying zvinhu uye zvivakwa. Mamwe mamakisi akajairika anosanganisira:
●1xxx Series:Aluminium yakachena, ine anopfuura 99.00% aruminiyamu yemukati, inonyanya kushandiswa muindasitiri yemagetsi uye zvinhu zvemazuva ese zvevatengi.
●2xxx Series:Mhangura ndiyo yekutanga alloying element, inovandudza zvakanyanya simba mushure mekupisa kurapwa, inowanzoshandiswa mune aerospace application.
●3xxx Series:Manganese ndiyo inonyanya kusanganisa chinhu, inopa yakanaka corrosion kuramba, inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukuvaka uye zvimiro zvemukati.
●4xxx Series:Silicon ndiyo inonyanya kusanganisa chinhu, inopa kupisa kupisa uye yakanaka welding zvivakwa, yakakodzera kune welding zvinhu uye zvinodzivirira kupisa zvinhu.
●5xxx Series:Magnesium ndiyo yekutanga alloying element, inopa yakanakisa mechaniki zvivakwa uye corrosion kuramba, inoshandiswa mumaindasitiri emugungwa, emotokari, uye aerospace.
●6xxx Series:Magnesium uye silicon ndiwo makuru alloying zvinhu, zvinopa simba rakanaka uye kushanda, zvinowanzoshandiswa muzvigadzirwa zvekugadzira.
●7xxx Series:Zinc ndiyo yekutanga alloying element, uye aya alloys anopa simba repamusoro, rinowanzoshandiswa muzvimiro zvendege uye yakakwirira-simba maapplication.
●8xxx Series:Iine zvimwe zvinhu zvakaita sesimbi uye nickel, inopa simba rakanaka uye conductivity, inonyanya kushandiswa muindasitiri yemagetsi.
Aluminium alloys anoshandiswa muzvikamu zvakasiyana, kusanganisira:
● Muchadenga:Aruminiyamu alloys akareruka uye akasimba akakosha kune zvimiro zvendege uye zvikamu.
● Zvekufambisa:Aluminium alloys anoshandiswa kugadzira zviremera zvemotokari uye njanji, kuvandudza kushanda kwemafuta.
● Indasitiri yemagetsi:Aluminium chinhu chinodiwa kune tambo uye transformer
●Kuvaka:Aluminium alloys anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukuvaka zvivakwa, mahwindo mafuremu, magonhi, uye denga nekuda kwesimba rawo, corrosion resistance, uye aesthetic kutaridzika.
● Kurongedza:Aluminium alloys, kunyanya muchimiro chefoils nemagaba, anoshandiswa zvakanyanya muindasitiri yekurongedza nekuti iwo akareruka, asina chepfu, uye anogona kushandiswa zvakare.
Copper Alloys
Kuumbwa uye Zvivakwa zveCopper Alloys
Copper alloys anozivikanwa nekunaka kwemagetsi uye ekupisa kwemagetsi, kusagadzikana kwecorrosion, uye nyore kugadzira. Kazhinji copper alloys anosanganisira:
●Ndara (Copper-Zinc Alloy):Inozivikanwa nokuda kwesimba rayo, ductility, uye kuramba corrosion, brass inowanzoshandiswa mumakanika maapplication, pombi dzemvura, uye zviridzwa zvemimhanzi.
●Bronzi (Copper-Tin Alloy):Iyi alloy inopa yakakwira corrosion kuramba, kuomarara, uye kupfeka kuramba, inowanzoshandiswa mumabearings, bushings, uye marine application.
● Copper-Nickel Alloys:Aya ma alloys anopa zvakanakisa kusakara mukuora munzvimbo dzemugungwa, zvichiita kuti ive yakanakira kuvaka ngarava, mapuratifomu ekumahombekombe, uye zvidyarwa zvekubvisa salination.
●Beryllium Copper:Nekusimba kwepamusoro, kuoma, uye kusagadzikana kwekuora, beryllium mhangura inowanzoshandiswa mumidziyo chaiyo, magetsi ekubatanidza, uye zvitubu.
Zvishandiso zveCopper Alloys
Copper alloys inoshandisa huwandu hwakawanda hwemaindasitiri nekuda kwekuita kwavo kwakasiyana uye kwakasiyana zvivakwa:
● Indasitiri yemagetsi:Copper alloys anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumagetsi ekubatanidza, wiring, uye zvikamu nekuda kwekuita kwavo kwakanakisa.
● Mapombi uye Mabatirwo emvura:Brass nebronze zvinowanzo shandiswa mavharuvhu, mafittings, uye mamwe maapplication epombi nekuda kwekusaora kwawo.
●Marine Indasitiri:Copper-nickel alloys inofarirwa kushandiswa kwemugungwa nekuda kwekupokana kwayo nekuora kwemvura yegungwa.
● Precision Engineering:Beryllium mhangura inoshandiswa muzvishandiso, midziyo isingapisi, uye zvinhu chaizvo nekuda kwesimba rayo nekusimba kwayo.
Magnesium Alloys
Hunhu hweMagnesium Alloys
Magnesium alloys ndiyo yakareruka zvimiro simbi, ine yakanakisa simba-ku-huremu reshiyo, kubatwa kwekuvhunduka, uye machinability. Zvinhu zvakakosha zvinosanganisira:
● Huremu:Magnesium alloys ane 35% yakareruka pane aruminiyamu uye 78% yakareruka pane simbi, zvichiita kuti ive yakakodzera kune inorema-sensitive application.
●Good Machinability:Magnesium alloys ane yakanakisa machinability, inobvumira kuti yakaoma uye chaiyo zvikamu kuti zviitwe zvinobudirira.
● Shock Absorption:Aya ma alloys ane yakanaka kunyura zvivakwa, zvichiita kuti abatsire mumotokari uye aerospace application.
● Kubvisa Kupisa:Magnesium alloys inopa kupisa kupisa kunoshanda, kwakakosha kune zvemagetsi uye yakakwirira-tembiricha zvikamu.
Zvishandiso zveMagnesium Alloys
Nekuda kwehuremu hwavo uye simba, magnesium alloys inoshandiswa mumaindasitiri akasiyana:
● Indasitiri yeMotokari:Magnesium alloys anoshandiswa muzvikamu zveinjini, kutapurirana dzimba, uye mavhiri kudzikisa huremu hwemotokari nekuvandudza kushanda kwemafuta.
● Aerospace Industry:Magnesium alloys anoshandiswa muzvikamu zvendege uye zvikamu zvemuchadenga uko kudzikisa huremu kwakakosha.
● Zvemagetsi:Magnesium alloys anoshandiswa mukugadzira malaptop, makamera, uye nharembozha dzakareruka nekuda kwesimba radzo uye nekupisa kupisa.
●Midziyo Yekurapa:Magnesium alloys anoshandiswa mune bioresorbable implants uye orthopedic zvishandiso nekuda kwekuenderana kwavo.
Nickel Alloys
Zvivakwa zveNickel Alloys
Nickel alloys anozivikanwa neayo akasarudzika corrosion kuramba, kugadzikana kwepamusoro-tembiricha, uye simba remuchina. Iwo anowanzo kusanganiswa nechromium, iron, uye zvimwe zvinhu kuti uwedzere kushanda munzvimbo dzakanyanyisa. Zvinhu zvakakosha zvinosanganisira:
●Corrosion Resistance:Nickel alloys ane kwakanakisa kuramba oxidation uye ngura munzvimbo dzakaoma, kusanganisira mvura yegungwa uye acidic mamiriro.
●Kusimba Kwekupisa Kwepamusoro:Nickel alloys anochengetedza simba rawo pakupisa kwakanyanya, zvichiita kuti ave akakodzera kushandiswa mune aerospace uye magetsi ekugadzira maapplication.
● Wear Resistance:Nickel alloys inopa kunaka kupfeka kuramba, iyo yakakosha mumashandisirwo anoda kusimba kwenguva refu.
Zvishandiso zveNickel Alloys
Nickel alloys anoshandiswa mukuda maapplication munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana:
● Aerospace Industry:Nickel-based superalloys anoshandiswa mumajini ejet, turbine blades, uye zvimwe zvinhu zvinopisa zvakanyanya nekuda kwekupisa kwazvo.
●Chemical Processing:Nickel alloys anoshandiswa mumareactors, heat exchangers, uye pombi masisitimu uko kupokana nekuora uye kupisa kwakanyanya kwakakosha.
●Kugadzira Simba:Nickel alloys anoshandiswa mumagetsi enyukireya uye gasi turbines nekuda kwekugona kwavo kwepamusoro-tembiricha uye kusagadzikana kwekuora.
●Marine Indasitiri:Nickel alloys anoshandiswa munzvimbo dzemugungwa kuita semapombi, mavharuvhu, uye midziyo yekubvisa mvura yegungwa.
Titanium Alloys
Hunhu hweTitanium Alloys
Titanium alloys ane huremu asi akasimba, ane kusarudzika kuramba ngura uye kugadzikana kwepamusoro-tembiricha. Zvinhu zvakakosha zvinosanganisira:
●High Strength-to-Weight Ratio:Titanium alloys yakasimba sesimbi asi inoda kusvika 45% yakareruka, zvichiita kuti ive yakakodzera kune aerospace uye yepamusoro-soro yekushandisa.
●Corrosion Resistance:Titanium alloys inopa kupikisa kwakasimba mukuora, kunyanya mumvura yegungwa uye makemikari nharaunda.
●Biocompatibility:Titanium alloys ndeye biocompatible, ichiita kuti ive yakakodzera kuisirwa ekurapa uye zvishandiso.
●Kugadzikana Kwekupisa Kwepamusoro:Titanium alloys inogona kumira kutonhora kwakanyanya, kuchengetedza simba ravo uye kutendeseka mune aerospace uye maindasitiri maapplication.
Zvishandiso zveTitanium Alloys
Titanium alloys anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri uko kusimba kwepamusoro, kureruka, uye corrosion kuramba kwakakosha:
● Aerospace Industry:Titanium alloys anoshandiswa mumafuremu endege, zvikamu zveinjini, uye magiya ekumhara nekuda kwesimba rawo rakakura uye kuchengetedza huremu.
●Midziyo Yekurapa:Titanium alloys anoshandiswa mukugadzira orthopedic implants, mazino anodyara, uye midziyo yekuvhiya nekuda kwekuenderana kwavo uye kusimba.
●Marine Indasitiri:Titanium alloys anoshandiswa muzvikamu zvepasi pegungwa, kuvaka ngarava, uye kuchera kunze kwemahombekombe nekuda kwekupokana kwavo nekuora.
●Industrial Applications:Titanium alloys anoshandiswa mukugadzira makemikari zvidyarwa, kugadzirwa kwemagetsi, uye mota kunyorera zvezvinhu zvinoda simba uye kusakara.
Mhedziso
Zvishandiso zvealloy zvinoita basa rakakosha mumaindasitiri emazuva ano, zvichipa zvigadziriso zvakagadzirirwa zvine musanganiswa wakasarudzika wesimba, uremu, corrosion kuramba, uye kusimba. Kubva pane aerospace kuenda kumotokari, kuvaka kusvika kumidziyo yekurapa, kuwanda kwezvinhu zvealloy zvinoita kuti zvive zvakakosha kune zvisingaverengeki zvikumbiro. Kungave kusimba kwepamusoro kwearoyi, zvimiro zvisingaremi zvearuminiyamu alloys, kana kushora kwe nickel uye titanium alloys, alloys anogadzirwa kuti asangane nezvinodiwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvemazuva ano tekinoroji yepamusoro.
Nguva yekutumira: Oct-17-2024