Tsananguro yeChigadzirwa
Mapaipi esimbi isina musono chinhu chakakosha mumaindasitiri emazuva ano, anozivikanwa nekugara kwenguva refu kwawo, kuramba ngura, uye kuvaka kwacho kusina musono. Aine alloy yakasiyana yesimbi, chromium, nezvimwe zvinhu zvakaita se nickel ne molybdenum, mapaipi aya ane simba risingaenzaniswi uye anogara kwenguva refu.
Maitiro ekugadzira asina musono anosanganisira kuburitsa simbi dzakasimba kuti dzigadzire machubhu asina chinhu pasina majoini akasungirirwa. Nzira iyi yekuvaka inobvisa zvikanganiso zvinogona kuitika uye inowedzera kunaka kwechimiro, zvichiita kuti mapaipi esimbi asina musono avimbike zvikuru pakushandisa kwakasiyana-siyana.
Hunhu Hukuru:
Kuramba Kuora:Kubatanidzwa kwechromium kunogadzira ganda rekuchengetedza oxide, zvichidzivirira mapaipi kubva mukuora nengura kunyangwe munzvimbo dzakaoma.
Magiredhi Akasiyana-siyana:Mapaipi asina musono anowanikwa mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzakadai se304, 316, 321, uye 347, imwe neimwe yakagadzirirwa mashandisirwo ayo nekuda kwekusiyana kwemakemikari uye hunhu hwemakanika.
Zvikumbiro Zvakakura:Mapaipi aya anoshandiswa munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira mafuta negesi, kugadzira makemikari, chikafu nezvinwiwa, mishonga, mota, uye kuvaka. Kugona kwawo kushandura mamiriro ezvinhu nezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana kunoratidza kushanduka kwawo.
Saizi uye Kupedzisa:Mapaipi esimbi isina musono anouya nehukuru hwakasiyana-siyana, achienderana nezvinodiwa zvakasiyana-siyana. Mapaipi anogonawo kuva nekugadzirwa kwakasiyana-siyana, kubva pakukwenenzverwa kusvika pakugayiwa, zvichienderana nezvinodiwa pakushandiswa.
Kuiswa uye Kugadziriswa:Dhizaini yacho isina musono inoita kuti kuiswa kuve nyore ukuwo kuramba kwemapombi kukanganiswa nengura kunoderedza kudiwa kwekugadzirisa, zvichibatsira pakushandisa mari shoma.
Kubva pakufambisa mafuta negasi kusvika pakufambisa makemikari zvakachengeteka uye kuchengetedza kuchena kwezvigadzirwa zvemishonga, mapaipi esimbi asina musono anoita basa guru mukuumba maindasitiri pasi rese. Kubatanidzwa kwavo kwesimba, kugara kwenguva refu, uye kuramba zvakatipoteredza kunoita kuti vave chinhu chakakosha muinjiniya yemazuva ano uye zvivakwa.
Magadzirirwo
| ASTM A312/A312M:304, 304L, 310/S, 310H, 316, 316L, 321, 321H nezvimwewo... |
| EN 10216-5: 1.4301, 1.4307, 1.4401, 1.4404, 1.4571, 1.4432, 1.4435, 1.4541, 1.4550 nezvimwewo... |
| DIN 17456: 1.4301, 1.4307, 1.4401, 1.4404, 1.4571, 1.4432, 1.4435, 1.4541, 1.4550 nezvimwewo... |
| JIS G3459: SUS304TB, SUS304LTB, SUS316TB, SUS316LTB nezvimwewo... |
| GB/T 14976: 06Cr19Ni10, 022Cr19Ni10, 06Cr17Ni12Mo2 |
| Simbi isina ngura yeAustenitic:TP304, TP304L, TP304H, TP310S, TP316, TP316L, TP316H, TP316Ti, TP317, TP317L, TP321, TP321H, TP347, TP347H, TP347HFG N08904(904L), S30432, S31254, N08367, S30815... Simbi isina ngura mbiri:S31803, S32205, S32750, S32760, S32707, S32906... Nickel chiwanikwa:N04400, N06600, N06625, N08800, N08810(800H), N08825... Mashandisirwo:Maindasitiri ekugadzira peturu, kemikari, gasi rechisikigo, simba remagetsi uye michina. |
| NB | Saizi | OD mm | SCH40S mm | SCH5S mm | SCH10S mm | SCH10 mm | SCH20 mm | SCH40 mm | SCH60 mm | XS/80S mm | SCH80 mm | SCH100 mm | SCH120 mm | SCH140 mm | SCH160 mm | SCHXXS mm |
| 6 | 1/8” | 10.29 | 1.24 | 1.73 | 2.41 | |||||||||||
| 8 | 1/4” | 13.72 | 1.65 | 2.24 | 3.02 | |||||||||||
| 10 | 3/8” | 17.15 | 1.65 | 2.31 | 3.20 | |||||||||||
| 15 | 1/2” | 21.34 | 2.77 | 1.65 | 2.11 | 2.77 | 3.73 | 3.73 | 4.78 | 7.47 | ||||||
| 20 | 3/4” | 26.67 | 2.87 | 1.65 | 2.11 | 2.87 | 3.91 | 3.91 | 5.56 | 7.82 | ||||||
| 25 | 1” | 33.40 | 3.38 | 1.65 | 2.77 | 3.38 | 4.55 | 4.55 | 6.35 | 9.09 | ||||||
| 32 | 1 1/4” | 42.16 | 3.56 | 1.65 | 2.77 | 3.56 | 4.85 | 4.85 | 6.35 | 9.70 | ||||||
| 40 | 1 1/2” | 48.26 | 3.68 | 1.65 | 2.77 | 3.68 | 5.08 | 5.08 | 7.14 | 10.15 | ||||||
| 50 | 2” | 60.33 | 3.91 | 1.65 | 2.77 | 3.91 | 5.54 | 5.54 | 9.74 | 11.07 | ||||||
| 65 | 2 1/2” | 73.03 | 5.16 | 2.11 | 3.05 | 5.16 | 7.01 | 7.01 | 9.53 | 14.02 | ||||||
| 80 | 3” | 88.90 | 5.49 | 2.11 | 3.05 | 5.49 | 7.62 | 7.62 | 11.13 | 15.24 | ||||||
| 90 | 3 1/2” | 101.60 | 5.74 | 2.11 | 3.05 | 5.74 | 8.08 | 8.08 | ||||||||
| 100 | 4” | 114.30 | 6.02 | 2.11 | 3.05 | 6.02 | 8.56 | 8.56 | 11.12 | 13.49 | 17.12 | |||||
| 125 | 5” | 141.30 | 6.55 | 2.77 | 3.40 | 6.55 | 9.53 | 9.53 | 12.70 | 15.88 | 19.05 | |||||
| 150 | 6” | 168.27 | 7.11 | 2.77 | 3.40 | 7.11 | 10.97 | 10.97 | 14.27 | 18.26 | 21.95 | |||||
| 200 | 8” | 219.08 | 8.18 | 2.77 | 3.76 | 6.35 | 8.18 | 10.31 | 12.70 | 12.70 | 15.09 | 19.26 | 20.62 | 23.01 | 22.23 | |
| 250 | 10” | 273.05 | 9.27 | 3.40 | 4.19 | 6.35 | 9.27 | 12.70 | 12.70 | 15.09 | 19.26 | 21.44 | 25.40 | 28.58 | 25.40 | |
| 300 | 12” | 323.85 | 9.53 | 3.96 | 4.57 | 6.35 | 10.31 | 14.27 | 12.70 | 17.48 | 21.44 | 25.40 | 28.58 | 33.32 | 25.40 | |
| 350 | 14” | 355.60 | 9.53 | 3.96 | 4.78 | 6.35 | 7.92 | 11.13 | 15.09 | 12.70 | 19.05 | 23.83 | 27.79 | 31.75 | 35.71 | |
| 400 | 16” | 406.40 | 9.53 | 4.19 | 4.78 | 6.35 | 7.92 | 12.70 | 16.66 | 12.70 | 21.44 | 26.19 | 30.96 | 36.53 | 40.49 | |
| 450 | 18” | 457.20 | 9.53 | 4.19 | 4.78 | 6.35 | 7.92 | 14.27 | 19.05 | 12.70 | 23.83 | 29.36 | 34.93 | 39.67 | 45.24 | |
| 500 | 20” | 508.00 | 9.53 | 4.78 | 5.54 | 6.35 | 9.53 | 15.09 | 20.62 | 12.70 | 26.19 | 32.54 | 38.10 | 44.45 | 50.01 | |
| 550 | 22” | 558.80 | 9.53 | 4.78 | 5.54 | 6.35 | 9.53 | 22.23 | 12.70 | 28.58 | 34.93 | 41.28 | 47.63 | 53.98 | ||
| 600 | 24” | 609.60 | 9.53 | 5.54 | 6.35 | 6.35 | 9.53 | 17.48 | 24.61 | 12.70 | 30.96 | 38.89 | 46.02 | 52.37 | 59.54 | |
| 650 | 26” | 660.40 | 9.53 | 7.92 | 12.70 | 12.70 | ||||||||||
| 700 | 28” | 711.20 | 9.53 | 7.92 | 12.70 | 12.70 | ||||||||||
| 750 | 30” | 762.00 | 9.53 | 6.35 | 7.92 | 7.92 | 12.70 | 12.70 | ||||||||
| 800 | 32” | 812.80 | 9.53 | 7.92 | 12.70 | 17.48 | 12.70 | |||||||||
| 850 | 34” | 863.60 | 9.53 | 7.92 | 12.70 | 17.48 | 12.70 | |||||||||
| 900 | 36” | 914.40 | 9.53 | 7.92 | 12.70 | 19.05 | 12.70 |
Standard & Giredhi
| Zvakajairika | Magiredhi eSimbi |
| ASTM A312/A312M: Mapaipi eSimbi Isina Musono, Akasungirirwa, uye Anotonhora Zvikuru Anoshandiswa muAustenitic | 304, 304L, 310S, 310H, 316, 316L, 321, 321H nezvimwewo... |
| ASTM A213: Boiler yesimbi yeferritic neaustenitic isina musono, superheater, uye machubhu ekuchinjana kupisa | TP304, TP304L, TP316, TP316L, TP321.TP347 nezvimwewo... |
| ASTM A269: Machubhu esimbi isina ngura asina musono uye akasungirirwa ebasa rakawanda | TP304, TP304L, TP316, TP316L, TP321.TP347 nezvimwewo... |
| ASTM A789: Machubhu esimbi isina ngura asina musono uye akasungirirwa eferritic/austenitic ekushandira vanhu vose | S31803 (Simbi isina ngura yeDuplex) S32205 (Simbi isina ngura yeDuplex) |
| ASTM A790: Pombi yesimbi isina ngura isina musono uye yakasungirirwa yesimbi yeferritic/austenitic inoshandiswa pakugadzirisa ngura, pakupisa kwakanyanya, uye mapaipi esimbi isina ngura maviri. | S31803 (Simbi isina ngura yeDuplex) S32205 (Simbi isina ngura yeDuplex) |
| EN 10216-5: Muyero weEurope weMachubhu eSimbi Isina Musono eZvinangwa zvekumanikidza | 1.4301, 1.4307, 1.4401, 1.4404, 1.4571, 1.4432, 1.4435, 1.4541, 1.4550 nezvimwewo... |
| DIN 17456: Standard yeGerman yeSeamless Denderedzwa Stainless Steel Tube | 1.4301, 1.4307, 1.4401, 1.4404, 1.4571, 1.4432, 1.4435, 1.4541, 1.4550 nezvimwewo... |
| JIS G3459: Muyero weIndasitiri weJapan weMapaipi eSimbi Isina Kugadzika Kuti Irambe Kuora | SUS304TB, SUS304LTB, SUS316TB, SUS316LTB nezvimwewo... |
| GB/T 14976: Chiyero cheNyika cheChinese cheMapaipi eSimbi Isina Musono eKutakura Mvura | 06Cr19Ni10, 022Cr19Ni10, 06Cr17Ni12Mo2 |
| Simbi isina ngura yeAustenitic:TP304, TP304L, TP304H, TP310S, TP316, TP316L, TP316H, TP316Ti, TP317, TP317L, TP321, TP321H, TP347, TP347H, TP347HFG N08904(904L), S30432, S31254, N08367, S30815... Simbi isina ngura mbiri:S31803, S32205, S32750, S32760, S32707, S32906... Nickel Alloy:N04400, N06600, N06625, N08800, N08810(800H), N08825... Mashandisirwo: Petroleum, Kemikari, Gasi rechisikigo, Simba remagetsi uye maindasitiri ekugadzira michina yeMechanical. | |
Maitiro Ekugadzira
Maitiro Ekupisa (Pipe Yesimbi Isina Musono Yakaburitswa)
Chigadziko chechubhu chakatenderera →kudziyisa →kuboorwa →kutenderera-kutenderera kwetatu-roller, kutenderera kunoramba kuchienderera mberi kana kubuda → kubviswa kwechubhu → saizi (kana kuderedza dhayamita) →kutonhodza →kutwasanudza →kuyedza kwehydraulic (Kana kuona zvikanganiso) →chiratidzo →kuchengetera
Maitiro eChubhu yeSimbi Isina Musono Yakadhonzwa (Yakamoneredzwa) Inotonhorera:
Chigadziko chechubhu chakatenderera→kudziisa→kuboora→musoro→kunamira→kunamira→kuorera →kuorera (kuputira mhangura)→kudhirowa kunotonhora kwepasi pemapasi akawanda (kumonereka kunotonhora)→kunamira kupisa→kutwasanudza→Kuedza kweHydraulic (kuona zvikanganiso)→Kumaka→Kuchengeta.
Kudzora Hunhu
Kuongorora Zvinhu Zvisina Kugadzirwa, Kuongorora Makemikari, Kuedza Kwemuchina, Kuongorora Kuona, Kuongorora Dimension, Kuedza Kukombama, Kuedza Kukanganisa, Kuedza Kuora Kwepakati, Kuedza Kusingaparadze (UT, MT, PT) Kuedza Kupenya Nekutsetseka, Kuedza Kuoma, Kuedza Kudzvanywa, Kuedza Kwezvinhu zveFerrite, Kuedza Metallography, Kuedza Kuora, Kuedza Kuoma Kwemvura, Kuedza Kuoma Kwemvura, Kuedza Kuoma Kwemvura, Kuedza Kuoma Kwemvura, Kuedza Kupfapfaidza Munyu, Kuedza Kuramba Kuora, Kuedza Kudengenyeka, Kuedza Kupisa, Kuedza Kupenda Nekuputira, Kuongorora Mapepa…..
Kushandisa & Kushandiswa
Mapaipi asina musono esimbi isina ngura anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri akasiyana-siyana nekuda kwekusagadzikana kwawo nengura, simba rakawanda, uye kugona kutsungirira tembiricha yakakwira. Heano mamwe mashandisirwo makuru emapaipi asina musono esimbi isina ngura:
Indasitiri yeOiri neGasi:Mapaipi asina musono esimbi isina ngura anowanzo shandiswa mukutsvaga, kutakurwa, uye kugadzirisa mafuta negasi. Anoshandiswa pakuisa matsime, mapaipi, uye michina yekugadzirisa nekuda kwekusagadzikana kwavo nengura pamvura negasi.
Indasitiri yeMakemikoro:Mukugadzirisa nekugadzira makemikari, mapaipi asina musono esimbi isingasvibi anoshandiswa kutakura maasidhi, mabhesi, zvinonyungudutsa, nezvimwe zvinhu zvinoparadza. Anobatsira pakuchengetedzeka nekuvimbika kwemasisitimu emapaipi.
Indasitiri yeSimba:Mapaipi asina musono esimbi isina ngura anoita basa rakakosha mukugadzirwa kwesimba, kusanganisira simba renyukireya, masero emafuta, uye mapurojekiti esimba rinogona kushandiswazve, emapaipi nemidziyo.
Indasitiri yezvekudya nezvinonwiwa:Nekuda kwehutsanana hwavo uye kuramba ngura, mapaipi esimbi isina ngura anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzira chikafu nekugadzira zvinwiwa, kusanganisira kutakura zvinwiwa, magasi, uye zvekudya.
Indasitiri yeMishonga:Mukugadzira mishonga nekugadzira mishonga, mapaipi asina musono esimbi isina ngura anoshandiswa kutakura nekubata zvinhu zvemishonga, kuzadzisa hutsanana uye mwero wehunhu.
Kuvaka ngarava:Mapaipi asina musono esimbi isina ngura anoshandiswa mukuvaka ngarava pakuvaka zvivakwa zvengarava, masisitimu emapaipi, uye michina yekuchenesa mvura yegungwa, nekuda kwekusagona kwawo kuparadzwa nengura yenzvimbo dzegungwa.
Kuvaka uye Zvishandiso zveKuvaka:Mapaipi asina musono esimbi isina ngura anoshandiswa pakuvaka anoshandiswa pakugadzira mapaipi emvura, masisitimu eHVAC, uye zvinhu zvekushongedza.
Indasitiri yeMotokari:Muchikamu chemotokari, mapaipi asina ngura anoshandiswa mumagetsi eutsi nekuda kwekudzivirira kupisa kwakanyanya uye kuramba ngura.
Migodhi neSimbi:Muminda yemigodhi neyesimbi, mapaipi asina musono esimbi isingasvibi anoshandiswa kutakura matombo, matope, uye mishonga yemakemikari.
Muchidimbu, mapaipi asina musono esimbi isina ngura anoshanda zvakasiyana-siyana uye anopa mashandiro akanaka, zvichiita kuti akwanise kushandiswa mumaindasitiri akasiyana-siyana. Anoita basa rakakosha mukuona kuti zvinhu zvakachengeteka, kusimbisa kuvimbika kwemidziyo, uye kuwedzera hupenyu hwebasa. Mashandisirwo akasiyana anoda mapaipi asina musono esimbi isina ngura ane zvirevo zvakasiyana uye zvinhu kuti asvike pazvinodiwa zvakasiyana.
Kurongedza & Kutumira
Mapaipi esimbi isina ngura anoiswa nekungwarira kukuru kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti akachengetedzwa panguva yekufambisa. Heino tsananguro yemaitiro ekurongedza nekutumira:
Kurongedza:
● Kuvhara Kunodzivirira: Pamberi pekurongedza, mapaipi esimbi isina ngura anowanzo putirwa nemafuta kana firimu kudzivirira ngura pamusoro uye kukuvara.
● Kusunga: Mapaipi ane saizi dzakafanana uye zvinodiwa zvakafanana anobatanidzwa pamwe chete nokungwarira. Anosungwa achishandisa tambo, tambo, kana mabhandi epurasitiki kudzivirira kufamba mukati mebhandi.
● Zvivharo Zvekumagumo: Zvivharo zvepurasitiki kana zvesimbi zvinoiswa pamativi ese emapaipi kuti zvipe dziviriro yakawedzerwa kumagumo emapaipi neshinda.
● Kuisa Mapadhi neKuisa Makusheni: Zvinhu zvekuisa mapadhi zvakaita sefuro, kuputira mabubble, kana kadhibhodhi rakarukwa zvinoshandiswa kupa mapadhi nekudzivirira kukuvara panguva yekufambisa.
● Mabhokisi kana Makasi eMatanda: Mune zvimwe zviitiko, mapaipi anogona kuiswa mumabhokisi kana makasi ematanda kuti adzivirire zvakanyanya kubva kumasimba ekunze uye kubata.
Kutumira:
● Nzira Yokufambisa: Mapaipi esimbi isina ngura anowanzo tumirwa achishandisa nzira dzakasiyana dzekufambisa dzakadai semarori, ngarava, kana kutakurwa kwendege, zvichienderana nekwavanoenda uye nekukurumidza.
● Kuisa mumidziyo: Mapaipi anogona kuiswa mumidziyo yekutakura zvinhu kuti zvive nechokwadi chekuti zvinhu zvinofambiswa zvakanaka uye zvakarongeka. Izvi zvinopawo dziviriro kubva kumamiriro ekunze uye tsvina yekunze.
● Kunyora uye Kunyora Magwaro: Pakeji yega yega yakanyorwa ruzivo rwakakosha, kusanganisira zvirevo, huwandu, mirairo yekubata, uye ruzivo rwekuenda. Magwaro ekutumira anogadzirwa kuti abviswe uye atevedzwe.
● Kutevedzera Mutemo weCustoms: Pakutumira zvinhu kunze kwenyika, magwaro ese anodiwa ecustom akagadzirirwa kuti zvive pachena kuti zvinhu zvinofamba zvakanaka panzvimbo yauri kuenda.
● Kusunga Zvakachengeteka: Mukati memota yekutakura kana mugaba, mapaipi anosungirirwa zvakachengeteka kudzivirira kufamba uye kuderedza njodzi yekukuvadzwa panguva yekufambisa.
● Kutevera neKutarisa: Masisitimu ekutevera epamusoro anogona kushandiswa kutarisa nzvimbo nemamiriro ekutumira zvinhu panguva chaiyo.
● Inishuwarenzi: Zvichienderana nekukosha kwenhumbi, inishuwarenzi yekutumira zvinhu inogona kuwanikwa kuti ivhare kurasikirwa kana kukuvara kunogona kuitika panguva yekufambisa.
Muchidimbu, mapaipi esimbi isina ngura atagadzira achaiswa zvinhu zvinodzivirira uye achatumirwa nenzira dzakavimbika dzekutakura kuitira kuti asvike kwaanoenda ari mumamiriro akanaka. Maitiro ekurongedza nemafambisirwo akakodzera anobatsira pakuvimbika uye kunaka kwemapaipi anouya.















