Product Description
Spiral simbi mapaipi, anozivikanwawo sehelical undermerged arc-welded (HSAW) mapaipi, imhando yepombi yesimbi inoratidzwa neyakasiyana maitiro ekugadzira uye zvimiro zvechimiro.Mapombi aya anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri akasiyana nekuda kwesimba rawo, kusimba, uye kuchinjika.Heino tsananguro yakadzama ye spiral simbi mapaipi:
Manufacturing process:Spiral simbi mapaipi anogadzirwa kuburikidza neakasarudzika maitiro anosanganisira kushandiswa kwekoiri yesimbi tambo.Mutsetse wacho hauna kukuvadzwa uye unoumbwa kuita spiral shape, wozoiswa welded uchishandisa iyo submerged arc welding (SAW) nzira.Izvi zvinoguma nekuenderera, helical seam pamwe nekureba kwepombi.
Structural Design:Iyo helical seam ye spiral simbi mapaipi inopa simba rekuzvarwa, ichiita kuti ive yakakodzera kutsungirira mitoro yakakwira uye kumanikidzwa.Iyi dhizaini inovimbisa kugovera kwakafanana kwekushushikana uye inosimudzira kugona kwepombi kuramba kukotama uye deformation.
Size Range:Spiral simbi mapaipi anouya muhupamhi hwemadhayamita (kusvika 120 Inch) uye ukobvu, zvichibvumira kuchinjika mune akasiyana maapplication.Izvo zvinowanzowanikwa mumadhayamita makuru zvichienzaniswa nemamwe marudzi epombi.
Applications:Spiral simbi mapaipi anoshandiswa mumaindasitiri akasiyana akadai seoiri uye gasi, kupa mvura, kuvaka, kurima, uye kusimudzira zvivakwa.Izvo zvakakodzera kune zvose zviri pamusoro-pasi uye pasi pevhu.
Corrosion Resistance:Kuti uwedzere hupenyu hurefu, spiral simbi pombi dzinowanzo rapwa anti-corrosion.Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira mukati nekunze machira, akadai se epoxy, polyethylene, uye zinc, izvo zvinodzivirira mapaipi kubva kune zvakatipoteredza uye zvinoparadza zvinhu.
Zvakanakira:Spiral simbi mapaipi anopa akawanda mabhenefiti, anosanganisira yakakwira-yekutakura mutoro, mutengo-unoshanda pamapombi mahombe-dhayamita, nyore kuisa, uye kuramba deformation.Dhizaini yavo yehelical inobatsirawo mukufambisa zvakanaka.
LongitudinalVSSpiral:Spiral simbi mapaipi anosiyaniswa kubva kurefu-welded pombi nemaitiro avo ekugadzira.Nepo mapaipi ehurefu akaumbwa uye akasungwa pamwe nekureba kwepombi, mapaipi anotenderera ane helical seam inoumbwa panguva yekugadzira.
Kudzora Hunhu:Kugadzira uye kudzora kwemhando maitiro kwakakosha mukugadzira akavimbika spiral simbi mapaipi.Welding paramita, pombi geometry, uye nzira dzekuyedza dzinonyatsotariswa kuti ive nechokwadi chekutevedzera indasitiri zviyero uye zvakatemwa.
Zviyero uye Zvinotsanangurwa:Spiral simbi mapaipi anogadzirwa zvinoenderana nepasirese uye indasitiri-yakananga zviyero seAPI 5L, ASTM, EN, uye mamwe.Aya mazinga anotsanangura zvivakwa zvezvinhu, nzira dzekugadzira, uye kuyedza zvinodiwa.
Muchidimbu, spiral simbi mapaipi mhinduro inoshanda uye yakasimba kune akasiyana maindasitiri.Kusarudzika kwavo kugadzira maitiro, simba rekuzvarwa, uye kuwanikwa muhukuru hwakasiyana kunobatsira mukushandiswa kwavo kwakapararira muzvivakwa, zvekufambisa, simba, kuvaka chiteshi nezvimwe.Sarudzo yakakodzera, kutonga kwemhando, uye matanho ekudzivirira ngura anoita basa rakakosha mukuona kushanda kwenguva refu kwemapombi esimbi.
Zvinotsanangurwa
API 5L: GR.B, X42, X46, X52, X56, X60, X65, X70, X80 |
ASTM A252: GR.1, GR.2, GR.3 |
EN 10219-1: S235JRH, S275J0H, S275J2H, S355J0H, S355J2H, S355K2H |
EN10210: S235JRH, S275J0H, S275J2H, S355J0H, S355J2H, S355K2H |
ASTM A53/A53M: G.A, GR.B |
EN 10217: P195TR1, P195TR2, P235TR1, P235TR2, P265TR1, P265TR2 |
DIN 2458: St37.0, St44.0, St52.0 |
AS/NZS 1163: Giredhi C250 , Giredhi C350, Giredhi C450 |
GB/T 9711: L175, L210, L245, L290, L320 , L360, L390 , L415, L450 , L485 |
ASTMA671: CA55/CB70/CC65, CB60/CB65/CB70/CC60/CC70, CD70/CE55/CE65/CF65/CF70, CF66/CF71/CF72/CF73, CG100/CH100/CI100/CJ10 |
Dhayamita(mm) | Ukobvu hwemadziro(mm) | |||||||||||||||||||
6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | |
219.1 | ● | ● | ● | ● | ||||||||||||||||
273 | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | |||||||||||||||
323.9 | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | |||||||||||||
325 | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | |||||||||||||
355.6 | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | |||||||||||||
377 | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ||||||||||||
406.4 | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ||||||||||||
426 | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ||||||||||||
457 | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ||||||||||||
478 | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ||||||||||||
508 | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | |||||||||||
529 | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | |||||||||||
630 | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ||||||||||
711 | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | |||||||||
720 | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | |||||||||
813 | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ||||||||
820 | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ||||||||
920 | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | |||||||||
1020 | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | |||||||
1220 | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | |||||||
1420 | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | |||||||||
1620 | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ||||||||||
1820 | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | |||||||||||
2020 | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | |||||||||||
2220 | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | |||||||||||
2500 | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | |||||||
2540 | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | |||||||
3000 | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● |
Kushivirira Kwekunze Diameter uye Kukora Kwemadziro
Standard | Kushivirira kwePipe Body | Kushivirira kwePipe End | Kushivirira kweKukora Kwemadziro | |||
Kunze Diameter | Kushivirira | Kunze Diameter | Kushivirira | |||
GB/T3091 | OD≤48.3mm | ≤±0.5 | OD≤48.3mm | - | ≤±10% | |
48.3 | ≤±1.0% | 48.3 | - | |||
273.1 | ≤±0.75% | 273.1 | -0.8+2.4 | |||
OD>508mm | ≤±1.0% | OD>508mm | -0.8+3.2 | |||
GB/T9711.1 | OD≤48.3mm | -0.79+0.41 | - | - | OD≤73 | -12.5%~+20% |
60.3 | ≤±0.75% | OD≤273.1mm | -0.4+1.59 | 88.9≤OD≤457 | -12.5%~+15% | |
508 | ≤±1.0% | OD≥323.9 | -0.79+2.38 | OD≥508 | -10.0%~+17.5% | |
OD> 941mm | ≤±1.0% | - | - | - | - | |
GB/T9711.2 | 60 | ±0.75%D~±3mm | 60 | ±0.5%D~±1.6mm | 4mm | ±12.5%T~±15.0%T |
610 | ±0.5%D~±4mm | 610 | ±0.5%D~±1.6mm | WT≥25mm | -3.00mm~+3.75mm | |
OD> 1430mm | - | OD> 1430mm | - | - | -10.0%~+17.5% | |
SY/T5037 | OD <508mm | ≤±0.75% | OD <508mm | ≤±0.75% | OD <508mm | ≤±12.5% |
OD≥508mm | ≤±1.00% | OD≥508mm | ≤±0.50% | OD≥508mm | ≤±10.0% | |
API 5L PSL1/PSL2 | OD <60.3 | -0.8mm~+0.4mm | OD≤168.3 | -0.4mm~+1.6mm | WT≤5.0 | ≤±0.5 |
60.3≤OD≤168.3 | ≤±0.75% | 168.3 | ≤±1.6mm | 5.0 | ≤±0.1T | |
168.3 | ≤±0.75% | 610 | ≤±1.6mm | T≥15.0 | ≤±1.5 | |
610 | ≤±4.0mm | OD>1422 | - | - | - | |
OD>1422 | - | - | - | - | - | |
API 5CT | OD <114.3 | ≤±0.79mm | OD <114.3 | ≤±0.79mm | ≤-12.5% | |
OD≥114.3 | -0.5%~1.0% | OD≥114.3 | -0.5%~1.0% | ≤-12.5% | ||
ASTM A53 | ≤±1.0% | ≤±1.0% | ≤-12.5% | |||
ASTM A252 | ≤±1.0% | ≤±1.0% | ≤-12.5% |
DN mm | NB Inch | OD mm | SCH40S mm | SCH5S mm | SCH10S mm | SCH10 mm | SCH20 mm | SCH40 mm | SCH60 mm | XS/80S mm | SCH80 mm | SCH100 mm | SCH120 mm | SCH140 mm | SCH160 mm | SCHXXS mm |
6 | 1/8” | 10.29 | 1.24 | 1.73 | 2.41 | |||||||||||
8 | 1/4” | 13.72 | 1.65 | 2.24 | 3.02 | |||||||||||
10 | 3/8” | 17.15 | 1.65 | 2.31 | 3.20 | |||||||||||
15 | 1/2” | 21.34 | 2.77 | 1.65 | 2.11 | 2.77 | 3.73 | 3.73 | 4.78 | 7.47 | ||||||
20 | 3/4” | 26.67 | 2.87 | 1.65 | 2.11 | 2.87 | 3.91 | 3.91 | 5.56 | 7.82 | ||||||
25 | 1” | 33.40 | 3.38 | 1.65 | 2.77 | 3.38 | 4.55 | 4.55 | 6.35 | 9.09 | ||||||
32 | 1 1/4” | 42.16 | 3.56 | 1.65 | 2.77 | 3.56 | 4.85 | 4.85 | 6.35 | 9.70 | ||||||
40 | 1 1/2” | 48.26 | 3.68 | 1.65 | 2.77 | 3.68 | 5.08 | 5.08 | 7.14 | 10.15 | ||||||
50 | 2” | 60.33 | 3.91 | 1.65 | 2.77 | 3.91 | 5.54 | 5.54 | 9.74 | 11.07 | ||||||
65 | 2 1/2” | 73.03 | 5.16 | 2.11 | 3.05 | 5.16 | 7.01 | 7.01 | 9.53 | 14.02 | ||||||
80 | 3” | 88.90 | 5.49 | 2.11 | 3.05 | 5.49 | 7.62 | 7.62 | 11.13 | 15.24 | ||||||
90 | 3 1/2” | 101.60 | 5.74 | 2.11 | 3.05 | 5.74 | 8.08 | 8.08 | ||||||||
100 | 4” | 114.30 | 6.02 | 2.11 | 3.05 | 6.02 | 8.56 | 8.56 | 11.12 | 13.49 | 17.12 | |||||
125 | 5” | 141.30 | 6.55 | 2.77 | 3.40 | 6.55 | 9.53 | 9.53 | 12.70 | 15.88 | 19.05 | |||||
150 | 6” | 168.27 | 7.11 | 2.77 | 3.40 | 7.11 | 10.97 | 10.97 | 14.27 | 18.26 | 21.95 | |||||
200 | 8” | 219.08 | 8.18 | 2.77 | 3.76 | 6.35 | 8.18 | 10.31 | 12.70 | 12.70 | 15.09 | 19.26 | 20.62 | 23.01 | 22.23 | |
250 | 10” | 273.05 | 9.27 | 3.40 | 4.19 | 6.35 | 9.27 | 12.70 | 12.70 | 15.09 | 19.26 | 21.44 | 25.40 | 28.58 | 25.40 | |
300 | 12” | 323.85 | 9.53 | 3.96 | 4.57 | 6.35 | 10.31 | 14.27 | 12.70 | 17.48 | 21.44 | 25.40 | 28.58 | 33.32 | 25.40 | |
350 | 14” | 355.60 | 9.53 | 3.96 | 4.78 | 6.35 | 7.92 | 11.13 | 15.09 | 12.70 | 19.05 | 23.83 | 27.79 | 31.75 | 35.71 | |
400 | 16” | 406.40 | 9.53 | 4.19 | 4.78 | 6.35 | 7.92 | 12.70 | 16.66 | 12.70 | 21.44 | 26.19 | 30.96 | 36.53 | 40.49 | |
450 | 18” | 457.20 | 9.53 | 4.19 | 4.78 | 6.35 | 7.92 | 14.27 | 19.05 | 12.70 | 23.83 | 29.36 | 34.93 | 39.67 | 45.24 | |
500 | 20” | 508.00 | 9.53 | 4.78 | 5.54 | 6.35 | 9.53 | 15.09 | 20.62 | 12.70 | 26.19 | 32.54 | 38.10 | 44.45 | 50.01 | |
550 | 22” | 558.80 | 9.53 | 4.78 | 5.54 | 6.35 | 9.53 | 22.23 | 12.70 | 28.58 | 34.93 | 41.28 | 47.63 | 53.98 | ||
600 | 24” | 609.60 | 9.53 | 5.54 | 6.35 | 6.35 | 9.53 | 17.48 | 24.61 | 12.70 | 30.96 | 38.89 | 46.02 | 52.37 | 59.54 | |
650 | 26” | 660.40 | 9.53 | 7.92 | 12.70 | 12.70 | ||||||||||
700 | 28” | 711.20 | 9.53 | 7.92 | 12.70 | 12.70 | ||||||||||
750 | 30” | 762.00 | 9.53 | 6.35 | 7.92 | 7.92 | 12.70 | 12.70 | ||||||||
800 | 32” | 812.80 | 9.53 | 7.92 | 12.70 | 17.48 | 12.70 | |||||||||
850 | 34” | 863.60 | 9.53 | 7.92 | 12.70 | 17.48 | 12.70 | |||||||||
900 | 36” | 914.40 | 9.53 | 7.92 | 12.70 | 19.05 | 12.70 | |||||||||
DN 1000mm uye pamusoro Diameter pombi rusvingo ukobvu Maximum 25mm |
Standard & Giredhi
Standard | Simbi MaGrade |
API 5L: Tsanangudzo yeMutsetse Pipe | GR.B, X42, X46, X52, X56, X60, X65, X70, X80 |
ASTM A252: Yakajairwa Kutsanangurwa kweWelded uye Seamless Simbi Pipe Piles | GR.1, GR.2, GR.3 |
TS EN 10219-1: Inotonhora Yakagadzirwa Welded Structural Hollow Zvikamu zveasiri-alloy uye Fine Grain Simbi. | S235JRH, S275J0H, S275J2H, S355J0H, S355J2H, S355K2H |
TS EN 10210: Kupisa Yakapedzwa Chimiro Hollow Zvikamu zveasiri-alloy uye Fine Grain Simbi | S235JRH, S275J0H, S275J2H, S355J0H, S355J2H, S355K2H |
ASTM A53/A53M: Pipe, Simbi, Nhema uye Inopisa-Yakanyikwa, Zinc-Yakavharwa, Yakasungwa uye isina musono | G.A, GR.B |
EN 10217: Welded Simbi Machubhu eDzvinyiriro Zvinangwa | P195TR1, P195TR2, P235TR1, P235TR2, P265TR1, P265TR2 |
DIN 2458: Welded Simbi Mapaipi uye Machubhu | St37.0, St44.0, St52.0 |
AS/NZS 1163: Australian/New Zealand Standard yeCold-formed Structural Steel Hollow Sections | Giredhi C250 , Grade C350, Grade C450 |
GB/T 9711: Petroleum uye Natural Gasi Industries - Simbi Pipe for Pipelines | L175, L210, L245, L290, L320 , L360, L390 , L415, L450 , L485 |
AWWA C200: Simbi Yemvura Pipe 6 Inches (150 mm) uye Yakakura | Carbon Steel |
Manufacturing Process
Quality Control
● Raw Material Kuongorora
● Kuongorora Kwemakemikari
● Mechanical Test
● Kuongorora
● Dimension Check
● Bend Test
● Muedzo Wokukanganisa
● Intergranular Corrosion Test
● Kuongorora Kusingaparadzi (UT, MT, PT)
● Welding Procedure Qualification
● Microstructure Analysis
● Flaring uye Flattening Test
● Muedzo Wekuoma
● Kuedza Kudzvinyirira
● Metallography Testing
● Corrosion Testing
● Eddy Current Testing
● Painting and Coating Inspection
● Kudzokorora Zvinyorwa
Kushandisa & Kushandisa
Spiral simbi mapaipi anochinja-chinja uye anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri akasiyana nekuda kweakasarudzika maitiro uye zvakanakira.Iwo anoumbwa nehealally welding simbi mitsetse pamwe chete kugadzira pombi ine inoenderera inotenderera musono.Heano mamwe akajairika mashandisirwo espiral simbi mapaipi:
● Fluid Transport: Mapombi aya anonyatso fambisa mvura, oiri, uye gasi mumadaro marefu mumapombi nekuda kwekuvakwa kwawo kusina musono uye kusimba kwazvo.
● Oiri NeGasi: Zvinokosha mumaindasitiri eoiri negasi, zvinotakura oiri isina kubikwa, gasi remusikirwo, uye zvinhu zvakanatswa, zvichibatsira pakuongorora nekuparadzira.
● Kupinza: Mirwi yenheyo muzvirongwa zvokuvaka inotsigira mitoro inorema muzvivako zvakadai sezvivako nemabhiriji.
● Kushandiswa Kwezvivako: Zvichishandiswa muzvivako, makoramu, uye zvinotsigira, kusimba kwazvo kunoita kuti chivakwa chigadzikane.
● Culverts uye Drainage: Inoshandiswa mumagetsi emvura, kusagadzikana kwavo kwekuora uye mukati munyoro kunodzivirira kuvhara uye kuwedzera kuyerera kwemvura.
● Mechanical Tubing: Mukugadzira uye kurima, mapaipi aya anopa zvinodhura, zvigadziriso zvakasimba zvezvikamu.
● Marine neOffshore: Panharaunda dzakaoma, anoshandiswa mumapaipi epasi pemvura, mapuratifomu ekunze kwemahombekombe, uye kuvaka jetty.
● Migodhi: Vanofambisa zvinhu uye marara mumabasa emugodhi anodiwa nekuda kwekuvaka kwavo kwakasimba.
● Mvura Inotengeswa: Yakanaka kune mapaipi makuru-diameter mumagadzirirwo emvura, kutakura zvakanaka mavhoriyamu emvura.
● Geothermal Systems: Anoshandiswa muzvirongwa zvesimba regeothermal, anobata kufambisa mvura isingapindi kupisa pakati pemadhamu nezvicherwa zvemagetsi.
Hunhu hwakasiyana-siyana hwepombi dzesimbi dzespiral, dzakasanganiswa nesimba radzo, kusimba, uye kuchinjika, dzinoita kuti dzive chinhu chakakosha pane dzakasiyana siyana maindasitiri uye maapplication.
Packing & Shipping
Packing:
Iyo yekurongedza maitiro e spiral simbi mapaipi anosanganisira akati wandei matanho akakosha ekuona kuti mapaipi akachengetedzwa zvakaringana panguva yekufambisa nekuchengetedza:
● Kusunga Mapombi: Mapombi esimbi anomonereka anowanzosungirirwa pamwe chete achishandisa tambo, mabhandi esimbi, kana kuti dzimwe nzira dzokusunga nadzo dzakachengeteka.Bundling inodzivirira mapombi ega ega kufamba kana kuchinjika mukati mekurongedza.
● Pipe End Kudzivirirwa: Zvivharo zvepurasitiki kana zvivharo zvekudzivirira zvakaiswa pamagumo maviri epombi kudzivirira kukanganisa kumagumo epombi uye mukati memukati.
● Kudzivirira mvura: Mapombi anoputirwa nezvinhu zvisingapindi mvura, zvakadai semapepa epurasitiki kana kuti kuputira, kuti adzidzivirire pakunyorova panguva yokufambisa, kunyanya pakutakura zvinhu kunze kana mugungwa.
● Padding: Zvimwe zvinhu zvekupedhira, zvakadai sezvinopinza furo kana kuti zvekuisa simbi, zvinogona kuwedzerwa pakati pepombi kana kuti panzvimbo dzine njodzi kuti zvibate kuvhunduka uye kutenheka.
● Kuisa Mazita: Bundle rimwe nerimwe rakanyorwa mashoko anokosha, kusanganisira mataurirwo epombi, ukuru, uwandu, uye nzvimbo.Izvi zvinobatsira mukuzivikanwa uye kubata.
Kutumira
● Kutumira spiral steel pombi kunoda kunyatsoronga kuti uve nechokwadi chekufambisa kwakachengeteka uye kwakanaka:
● Nzira Yekufambisa: Sarudzo yenzira yekufambisa (mugwagwa, njanji, gungwa, kana mhepo) inotsamira pazvinhu zvakaita sechinhambwe, kukurumidza, uye kwainosvika.
● Containerization: Mapombi anogona kutakurwa mumidziyo yekutakura yakajairika kana midziyo yakasarudzika.Containerization inodzivirira mapaipi kubva kune ekunze zvinhu uye inopa inodzorwa nharaunda.
● Kuchengetedza: Mapombi anovharirwa mukati memudziyo pachishandiswa nzira dzakakodzera dzokusunga nadzo, dzakadai sokusunga simbi, kuvharika, uye kusunga.Izvi zvinodzivirira kufamba uye kuderedza njodzi yekukuvara panguva yekufambisa.
● Zvinyorwa: Mapepa echokwadi, anosanganisira ma invoice, mapepa okurongedzerwa, uye mamanifesiti ekutumira, anogadzirirwa kubvisirwa tsika nezvinangwa zvekutevera.
● Inishuwarenzi: Inishuwarenzi inotakura zvinhu inowanzowanwa kuti ivhare kurasikirwa kunobvira kana kuti kukuvara panguva yokufamba.
● Monitoring: Munguva yose yekutumira, mapaipi anogona kuteverwa uchishandisa GPS uye maitiro ekutsvaga kuti ave nechokwadi chokuti ari munzira yakarurama uye purogiramu.
● Customs Clearance: Mapepa akakodzera anopiwa kuitira kuti pave netsika dzakanaka pachiteshi chengarava kana kubhodha.
Mhedziso:
Kurongedza kwakakodzera uye kutumira pombi dzesimbi dzakatenderedza kwakakosha kuchengetedza kunaka kwepombi nekuperera panguva yekufambisa.Kutevera maindasitiri maitiro akanakisa anovimbisa kuti mapaipi anosvika kwaanosvika ari mune yakakwana mamiriro, akagadzirira kuisirwa kana kuenderera mberi nekugadzirisa.