1. Pfupiso yeASTM A213 T11 Alloy Steel Tubing
ASTM A213 T11 chubhu yesimbi ye alloyisimbi yemhando ye chromium-molybdenum ine simbi shoma inoshandiswa zvakanyanyasevhisi yekupisa kwakanyanya uye kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya mumaboiler, ma superheater, uye ma heat exchangersKuwedzerwa kwechromium nemolybdenum kunowedzera kuramba kwe oxidation, simba rekukambaira, uye kugadzikana kwechimiro mumamiriro ekunze ekupisa kwakanyanya. Nekuda kweizvi,ASTM A213 T11 machubhu esimbi asina musono alloyanowanzo shandiswa mumafekitori emagetsi, mumafekitori emafuta, mumaheater emuchina wekuchenesa, uye mumidziyo yekuchinjana kupisa mumaindasitiri.
IyoASTM A213 T11 standard, yakaburitswawo seASME SA213 T11, inotsanangura zvinodiwa zvemachubhu esimbi eferritic neaustenitic alloy alloy akagadzirirwa kushandiswa pakupisa kwakanyanya. Tsanangudzo yacho inofukidzakuumbwa kwemakemikari, hunhu hwemakanika, kurapwa kwekupisa, kushivirira kwemativi, nzira dzekuedza, uye maitiro ekuongororakuve nechokwadi chekuti michina inodzvanywa inoshanda zvakanaka.
Semugadziri wehunyanzvi,Simbi yeWomicinogadzira mhando yepamusoroASTM A213 T11 machubhu esimbi alloytichishandisa mitsetse yekugadzira machubhu isina musono yepamusoro uye masisitimu ekudzora mhando akasimba. Zvigadzirwa zvedu zvinogona kupihwa neEN 10204 3.1 kana EN 10204 3.2 chitupa, uye kumapurojekiti emidziyo yekumanikidza yeEurope, machubhu anogona kutevedzeraZvinodiwa zvechitupa chePED 2014/68/EUNekugadzika kwekutsvaga zvinhu zvakagadziriswa uye timu dzehunyanzvi dzine ruzivo, Womic Steel inovimbisa mhando yezvigadzirwa zvinoenderana, hurongwa hwekutumira hwakavimbika, uye kugadziriswa kunochinjika kwemapurojekiti epasi rose emaindasitiri.
2. Magadzirirwo eChigadzirwa uye Dimensional Range yeASTM A213 T11 Tubes
IyoASTM A213 T11 chubhu yesimbi ye alloyyakagadzirwa neWomic Steel inowanikwa muhukuru hwakasiyana-siyana hwakakodzera mabhoyila, ma heat exchangers, uye ma pressure piping systems.machubhu asina musono anopisa uye machubhu akanyatsokweverwa anotonhorainogona kugadzirwa zvichienderana nezvinodiwa nehukuru hwayo.
Tafura 1 - ASTM A213 T11 Tube Rekugadzira Range
| Paramita | Rudzi rweSpecific |
| Dhayamita yekunze | 12.7 mm – 219 mm |
| Ukobvu hwemadziro | 1.5 mm - 30 mm |
| Kureba Kwakajairwa | 6 m - 12 m |
| Kureba Kwakanyanya | Kusvika 18 m |
| Nzira Yokugadzira | Yakapedzwa musono / Yakatorwa nechando |
| Mamiriro Epamusoro | Nhema / Yakabikwa muhari / Yakapfurwa nepfuti |
Kugona kwakafara kunoita kutiMachubhu eASTM A213 T11 asina musonoinogona kusangana nezvinodiwa nemasisitimu akasiyana-siyana ekutamisa kupisa kwemaindasitiri.
3. Kushivirira kweASTM A213 T11 Alloy Steel Tubes
Kunyatsojeka kwehukuru hwacho kwakakosha zvikuru kune masisitimu emapaipi ekumanikidza. Womic Steel inogadziraASTM A213 T11 machubhu esimbi alloyzvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zveASTM zvekushivirira kuti zvive nechokwadi chekuti zvinoenderana nemaitiro ekugadzira, kusanganisa, uye kuisa.
Tafura 2 - Kushivirira Kwemativi
| Paramita | Kushivirira Kunobvumirwa |
| Dhayamita yekunze | ± 0.75% |
| Ukobvu hwemadziro | ±10% |
| Kureba | +3 mm / 0 |
| Kururama | ≤1/1000 yehurefu hwechubhu |
| Kubuda kweOvality | Mukati mekutsungirira kweOD |
Kushivirira uku kunobatsira kuona kutiMachubhu ebhaira eASTM A213 T11chengetedzai zvakanaka panguva yekuiswa mumaboiler ane pressure yakakwira.
4. Kuumbwa kweMakemikoro eASTM A213 T11 Alloy Steel
Kuitwa kweASTM A213 T11 machubhu esimbi alloyInowanikwa kuburikidza nekuumbwa kwe alloy kwakanyatsorongeka. Chromium inovandudza kuramba kwe oxidation ukuwo molybdenum inowedzera simba rekukwira kana tembiricha yakwira.
Tafura 3 - Kuumbwa kwemakemikari eASTM A213 T11
| Chinhu | Kuumbwa (%) |
| Kabhoni (C) | 0.05 – 0.15 |
| Manganese (Mn) | 0.30 – 0.60 |
| Phosphorus (P) | ≤0.025 |
| Sarufa (S) | ≤0.025 |
| Silikoni (Si) | 0.50 – 1.00 |
| Chromium (Cr) | 1.00 – 1.50 |
| Molybdenum (Mo) | 0.44 – 0.65 |
Musanganiswa uyu we alloy unobvumiraASTM A213 T11 machubhu esimbi asina musono alloykuti ishande zvakanaka munzvimbo dzine tembiricha yakakwira uye dzine kumanikidzwa kwakakwira.
5. Hunhu hweMachubhu eASTM A213 T11
Simba remuchina rakakosha pamachubhu anoshandiswa mumabhaira uye muzvishandiso zvekuchinjisa kupisa.ASTM A213 T11 machubhu esimbi alloyinofanira kusangana nezvinodiwa zvakasimba zvemidziyo yemakanika zvinotsanangurwa neASTM standard.
Tafura 4 - Zvimiro zveMichina
| Pfuma | Chinodiwa |
| Simba reKusimba | ≥415 MPa |
| Simba reGoho | ≥205 MPa |
| Kureba | ≥30% |
| Kuoma | ≤85 HRB |
Hunhu uhwu hwemakanika hunobvumiraMachubhu ebhaira eASTM A213 T11kuti ikwanise kutsungirira kushushikana kwekupisa uye kumanikidzwa kwemukati panguva yekushanda kwenguva refu.
6. Maitiro Ekugadzira Machubhu Asina Musono eASTM A213 T11
PaWomic Steel,ASTM A213 T11 machubhu esimbi alloyzvinogadzirwa kuburikidza nemaitiro ekugadzira akagadziriswa zvakanaka. Danho rega rega rekugadzira rinotariswa kuti rive nechokwadi chekuti simbi dzakasimba uye kuti dzakanyatsojeka.
Maitiro ekugadzira akajairika:
Kuongorora Zvinhu Zvisina Kugadzirwa → Kucheka Mabhiri → Kupisa → Kuboora Kunopisa → Kupisa Kunotenderedza → Kurapa Kupisa → Kururamisa → Kuedza Kusingakuvadzi → Kuongorora Kwekupedzisira → Kurongedza
Zvakanakira zvikuru pakugadzira zvinosanganisira:
• Zvishandiso zvesimbi zvemhando yepamusoro zvinobva kumagetsi ane magwaro ekugadzira zvinhu
• Midziyo yepamusoro inotenderedza inopisa inoita kuti madziro akobvu zvakaenzana
• Midziyo yekutwasanudza nekupedzisa nemazvo
• Kukwanisa kutevedza zvizere kubva panhamba yekupisa kwezvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa kusvika pachubhu yapera
Kudzora uku kwehunyanzvi kunoita kuti zveseASTM A213 T11 chubhu yesimbi isina musonoinosangana nezvinodiwa nemitemo yepasi rose yemidziyo yekumanikidza.
7. Zvinodiwa pakurapa kupisa
Kurapa kupisa kwakakosha kuti pave nekugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvishoma uye hunhu hwemakanika hunodiwaASTM A213 T11 machubhu esimbi alloyKurapa kupisa kwakakodzera kunovandudza simba, kusimba, uye kugadzikana kwenguva refu pakupisa kwakanyanya.
Nzira dzakajairika dzekurapa kupisa dzinosanganisira:
• Kuvhara zvizere
• Kupisa kwemvura kunobva mumhepo inopisa (isothermal annealing)
• Maitiro ekutonhodza anodzorwa
Kurapa uku kunoita kuti chiumbwa chezviyo chifanane uye kunovandudza kugara kwenguva refu kweMachubhu ebhaira eASTM A213 T11pasi pekushanda kwakasimba kwekupisa kwakanyanya.
8. Kuongorora neKuedza
Kudzora mhando chikamu chakakosha pakugadzirwa kweASTM A213 T11 machubhu esimbi alloyWomic Steel inoita ongororo dzakakwana kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti chigadzirwa chacho chakavimbika.
Kuedzwa kweMichina neMuviri
• Kuedza kusimba
• Kuedza kuomarara
• Kuedza kupwanya
• Kuedza kupfura
• Kuedzwa kweHydrostatic pressure
Kuedzwa Kusingaparadze
• Kuongororwa kweUltrasonic (UT)
• Kuongororwa kweEddy current (ET)
• Kuongororwa kwezvimedu zvemagineti (MT) kana zvichidikanwa
Chitupa
ZveseMachubhu eASTM A213 T11inogona kupihwa ne:
•Chitupa Chekuyedza cheEN 10204 3.1 Mill
•EN 10204 3.2 Chitupa Chekuongorora Chechitatu
•Magwaro ekutevedzera mitemo yePED 2014/68/EU
Masangano ekuongorora ebato rechitatu anogona kusanganisiraSGS, BV, TÜV, uye DNV.
9. Mabasa Ekugadzirisa Nekugadzira
Pamusoro pekupaASTM A213 T11 machubhu esimbi alloy, Womic Steel inopawo mabasa akasiyana-siyana ekugadzira nekugadzirisa zvinhu kuti itsigire zvinodiwa pakuisa mapurojekiti.
Masevhisi ekugadzirisa anosanganisira:
• Kukombama uye kugadzira chubhu
• Machubhu anokombama eU ekuchinjana kupisa
• Kucheka nekugadzira nemazvo
• Kugadzirwa kwepombi yepombi
• Kuboora uye kugadzirira kwakakosha
Masevhisi aya anobvumira vatengi kuwanazvikamu zvakagadzirira kuiswa, zvichideredza zvakanyanya nguva yekuisa munda.
10. Mashandisirwo eASTM A213 T11 Alloy Steel Tubes
Nekuda kwesimba ravo rakanaka kwazvo pakupisa kwepamusoro uye kuramba kuoxidation,ASTM A213 T11 machubhu esimbi alloyanoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri akasiyana-siyana anodziya zvakanyanya.
Maitiro akajairika anosanganisira:
• Machubhu ebhoyira emagetsi
• Machubhu eSuperheater
• Machubhu ekuchinja kupisa
• Midziyo yekugadzirisa mafuta
• Mapaipi anodziya zvakanyanya mufekitori
Kugara kwenguva refu kweASTM A213 T11 machubhu esimbi asina musono alloyzvinovaita chikamu chakakosha musimba remazuva ano uye zvivakwa zvemaindasitiri.
11. Kugona Kugadzira uye Zvakanakira Kutumira
Womic Steel inochengetedza kugona kwayo kugadzira zvinhu kwakasimbaASTM A213 T11 machubhu esimbi alloyinotsigirwa nezvinhu zvakagadzika uye michina yekugadzira yepamusoro.
Zvakanakira zvedu pakugadzira zvinosanganisira:
• Mitsetse yakawanda yekugadzira machubhu isina musono
• Kuwanikwa kwesimbi yakagadzikana yesimbi kubva kumichina inokwanisa kugadzira zvinhu
• Maitiro akasimba ekudzora mhando uye ekuongorora
• Kurongeka kwekugadzirwa kwezvinhu kunochinjika kweodha dzepurojekiti
Nguva yakajairika yekugadzira inotangira kubvaMazuva 15 kusvika 35 zvichienderana nezvinodiwa uye huwandu hweodha.
Zvakakosha,Womic Steel haidi huwandu hushoma hweodhaKunyangwezvidimbu zvidiki kana huwandu hushoma hwemachubhu eASTM A213 T11inogona kupihwa kuti ienderane nezvinodiwa pakugadzirisa uye zvepurojekiti.
12. Kurongedza uye Kutakura Zvinhu Pasirose
Kuti zvive nechokwadi chekuti kutakurwa kwakachengeteka,ASTM A213 T11 machubhu esimbi asina musono alloyzvinopakwa uchishandisa nzira dzekudzivirira dzinoshandiswa kunze kwenyika.
Sarudzo dzekurongedza dzinosanganisira:
• Mabhandi esimbi ane mabhandi
• Mabhokisi emapuranga akakodzera kunyura mugungwa
• Zvivharo zvepurasitiki zvinodzivirira
• Kuputira mafuta ekudzivirira ngura
• Kuputira kusina mvura
Neruzivo rwakakura mukutakura zvinhu pasi rose, Womic Steel inopa mhinduro dzekutumira dzakavimbika kuburikidzakutakurwa kwezvinhu mugungwa, kutakurwa kwezvitima, uye kutakura zvinhu nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana, kuve nechokwadi chekuti zvinhu zvinotumirwa zvakachengeteka uye nenguva pasi rose.
13. Sei Uchifanira Kusarudza Simbi yeWomic yeASTM A213 T11 Alloy Steel Tubes
Semutengesi akavimbika weASTM A213 T11 machubhu esimbi alloy, Womic Steel inosanganisa hunyanzvi hwekugadzira, kugona kwakasimba kwekugadzira, uye ruzivo rwemapurojekiti epasi rose.
Zvakanakira zvikuru zvinosanganisira:
• Kutevedzera zvizereASTM A213 / ASME SA213 zviyero
•Chitupa chePED chemapurojekiti emidziyo yekumanikidza yeEurope
•EN 10204 3.1 / 3.2 magwaro ekuongorora
• Nzvimbo dzepamusoro dzekuongorora nekuongorora
• Huwandu hweodha hunochinjika uye mhinduro inokurumidza
• Masevhisi ekugadzira michina yakagadzirwa nemaoko uye kugadzira zvinhu kare
• Kuwanikwa kwezvinhu zvakagadziriswa kwakasimba kunoita kuti zvinhu zviendeswe zvakanaka
Simba iri rinobvumira Womic Steel kupa zvinhu zvakavimbikaASTM A213 T11 machubhu esimbi asina musono alloyyemagetsi, petrochemical, uye maindasitiri pasi rose.
14.ASTM A213 Alloy Steel Seamless Tubes – Kukura Kwekugadzirwa
Vagadziri veWomic SteelASTM A213 Giredhi T5, ASTM A213 Giredhi T9, uye ASTM A213 Giredhi T11 Alloy Steel Seamless Tubesine dhayamita dzakasiyana-siyana uye ukobvu hwemadziro hwakakodzera mabhoyila, ma heat exchangers, uye sevhisi yekumanikidzwa kwekupisa kwakanyanya.
Tafura Yehukuru Hwakajairika
| Saizi yePombi Yezita (NPS) | Dhayamita Yekunze (OD) | Ukobvu hwemadziro huripo (Purogiramu) | Tsananguro yeChigadzirwa |
| 1/2″ NB | 21.3 mm | SCH 20 / 30 / 40 / 80 / 160 | ASTM A213 Giredhi T5 Alloy Simbi Isina Musono Machubhu |
| 3/4″ NB | 26.7 mm | SCH 20 / 30 / 40 / 80 / 160 | ASTM A213 Giredhi T5 Alloy Simbi Isina Musono Machubhu |
| 1″ NB | 33.4 mm | SCH 20 / 30 / 40 / 60 / 80 / 160 | ASTM A213 Giredhi T5 Alloy Simbi Isina Musono Machubhu |
| 1 1/4″ NB | 42.2 mm | SCH STD / SCH 40 / SCH 80 / SCH 160 | ASTM A213 Giredhi T9 Alloy Simbi Isina Musono Machubhu |
| 1 1/2″ NB | 48.3 mm | SCH STD / SCH 40 / SCH 80 / SCH 160 | ASTM A213 Giredhi T9 Alloy Simbi Isina Musono Machubhu |
| 2″ NB | 60.3 mm | SCH 20 / 40 / 60 / 80 / 100 / 160 | ASTM A213 Giredhi T11 Alloy Simbi Isina Musono Machubhu |
| 2 1/2″ NB | 73 mm | SCH STD / SCH 40 / SCH 80 / SCH 160 | ASTM A213 Giredhi T11 Alloy Simbi Isina Musono Machubhu |
| 3″ NB | 88.9 mm | SCH STD / SCH 40 / SCH 80 / SCH 160 | ASTM A213 Giredhi T11 Alloy Simbi Isina Musono Machubhu |
| 4″ NB | 114.3 mm | SCH 20 / 40 / 60 / 80 / 100 / 160 | ASTM A213 Giredhi T11 Alloy Simbi Isina Musono Machubhu |
| 5″ NB | 141.3 mm | SCH STD / SCH 40 / SCH 80 / SCH 160 | ASTM A213 Giredhi T11 Alloy Simbi Isina Musono Machubhu |
| 6″ NB | 168.3 mm | SCH 20 / 40 / 60 / 80 / 100 / 160 | ASTM A213 Giredhi T11 Alloy Simbi Isina Musono Machubhu |
| 8″ NB | 219.1 mm | SCH 20 / 40 / 60 / 80 / 100 / 160 | ASTM A213 Giredhi T11 Alloy Simbi Isina Musono Machubhu |
| 10″ NB | 273 mm | SCH 20 / 40 / 80 / 120 / 160 | ASTM A213 Giredhi T11 Alloy Simbi Isina Musono Machubhu |
| 12″ NB | 323.9 mm | SCH 20 / 40 / 80 / 120 / 160 | ASTM A213 Giredhi T11 Alloy Simbi Isina Musono Machubhu |
Zvese izvi zvinopihwa seASTM A213 Giredhi T5 Alloy Simbi Isina Musono Machubhu, ASTM A213 Giredhi T9 Alloy Simbi Isina Musono MachubhuuyeASTM A213 Giredhi T11 Alloy Simbi Isina Musono Machubhuzvichienderana nezvinodiwa neprojekiti.
15. ASTM A213 Alloy Steel Grades Comparison Table
Magiredhi akasiyana mukati meASTM A213 Alloy Steel Seamless Tubesstandard inopa huwandu hwakasiyana hwe chromium ne molybdenum kuti irambe yakasimba uye ichidzivirira ngura.
Tafura Yekuenzanisa Zvinhu
| Giredhi | Zvinhu Zvikuru zveAlloying | Kuramba Kupisa Kwakajairika | Zvinhu Zvikuru | Maitiro Akajairika |
| ASTM A213 T5 | Cr-Mo Alloy Simbi | Kusvika 600°C | Kudzivirira kwakanaka kwe oxidation | Maboiler, zvinochinja-chinja kupisa |
| ASTM A213 T9 | Chishongo cheChromium Chakakwirira | Kusvika 650°C | Simba rekukwira rakavandudzwa | Machubhu emagetsi emagetsi |
| ASTM A213 T11 | 1.25Cr-0.5Mo Alloy | Kusvika ku580°C | Simba rakanaka kwazvo rekupisa kwepamusoro | Machubhu eSuperheater & boiler |
| ASTM A213 T22 | 2.25Cr-1Mo Alloy | Kusvika 650°C | Kuramba kwakanyanya | Mapaipi echiteshi chemagetsi |
| ASTM A213 T91 | 9Cr-1Mo Alloy | Kusvika 700°C | Kuramba kwepamberi kwekukambaira | Mabhoyira epamusoro-soro |
Pakati pezvinhu izvi,ASTM A213 Giredhi T5 Alloy Simbi Isina Musono Machubhu, ASTM A213 Giredhi T9 Alloy Simbi Isina Musono MachubhuuyeASTM A213 Giredhi T11 Alloy Simbi Isina Musono Machubhuanoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumachubhu ebhoyira, machubhu esuperheater, uye masisitimu emachubhu ekupisa.
16ASTM A213 Alloy Steel Tubes Keyword Matrix
Matrix inotevera inobatsira mainjini ekutsvaga nemainjiniya kuona mareferensi anoshandiswa zvakanyanya eASTM A213 Alloy Steel Seamless Tubes.
ASTM A213 Tube Saizi Keyword Matrix
1/2″ NB muKukora Purogiramu 20, Purogiramu 30, Purogiramu STD, Purogiramu 40, Purogiramu 60, Purogiramu 80, Purogiramu 100, Purogiramu 120, Purogiramu 160, Purogiramu XXS muASTM A213 Giredhi T5 Alloy Simbi Isina Musono Machubhu
3/4″ NB muKukora Purogiramu 20, Purogiramu 30, Purogiramu STD, Purogiramu 40, Purogiramu 60, Purogiramu 80, Purogiramu 100, Purogiramu 120, Purogiramu 160, Purogiramu XXS muASTM A213 Giredhi T5 Alloy Simbi Isina Musono Machubhu
1″ NB muKukora Purogiramu 20, Purogiramu 30, Purogiramu STD, Purogiramu 40, Purogiramu 60, Purogiramu 80, Purogiramu 100, Purogiramu 120, Purogiramu 160, Purogiramu XXS muASTM A213 Giredhi T9 Alloy Simbi Isina Musono Machubhu
1 1/2″ NB muKukora Purogiramu 20, Purogiramu 30, Purogiramu STD, Purogiramu 40, Purogiramu 60, Purogiramu 80, Purogiramu 100, Purogiramu 120, Purogiramu 160, Purogiramu XXS muASTM A213 Giredhi T9 Alloy Simbi Isina Musono Machubhu
2″ NB muKukora Purogiramu 20, Purogiramu 30, Purogiramu STD, Purogiramu 40, Purogiramu 60, Purogiramu 80, Purogiramu 100, Purogiramu 120, Purogiramu 160, Purogiramu XXS muASTM A213 Giredhi T11 Alloy Simbi Isina Musono Machubhu
3″ NB muKukora Purogiramu 20, Purogiramu 30, Purogiramu STD, Purogiramu 40, Purogiramu 60, Purogiramu 80, Purogiramu 100, Purogiramu 120, Purogiramu 160, Purogiramu XXS muASTM A213 Giredhi T11 Alloy Simbi Isina Musono Machubhu
4″ NB muKukora Purogiramu 20, Purogiramu 30, Purogiramu STD, Purogiramu 40, Purogiramu 60, Purogiramu 80, Purogiramu 100, Purogiramu 120, Purogiramu 160, Purogiramu XXS muASTM A213 Giredhi T11 Alloy Simbi Isina Musono Machubhu
6″ NB muKukora Purogiramu 20, Purogiramu 30, Purogiramu STD, Purogiramu 40, Purogiramu 60, Purogiramu 80, Purogiramu 100, Purogiramu 120, Purogiramu 160, Purogiramu XXS muASTM A213 Giredhi T11 Alloy Simbi Isina Musono Machubhu
8″ NB muKukora Purogiramu 20, Purogiramu 30, Purogiramu STD, Purogiramu 40, Purogiramu 60, Purogiramu 80, Purogiramu 100, Purogiramu 120, Purogiramu 160, Purogiramu XXS muASTM A213 Giredhi T11 Alloy Simbi Isina Musono Machubhu
10″ NB muKukora Purogiramu 20, Purogiramu 30, Purogiramu STD, Purogiramu 40, Purogiramu 60, Purogiramu 80, Purogiramu 100, Purogiramu 120, Purogiramu 160, Purogiramu XXS muASTM A213 Giredhi T11 Alloy Simbi Isina Musono Machubhu
12″ NB muKukora Purogiramu 20, Purogiramu 30, Purogiramu STD, Purogiramu 40, Purogiramu 60, Purogiramu 80, Purogiramu 100, Purogiramu 120, Purogiramu 160, Purogiramu XXS muASTM A213 Giredhi T11 Alloy Simbi Isina Musono Machubhu
Zvinyorwa izvi zvinobatsira vatengi kuwana zviri nyore zviripoASTM A213 Giredhi T5 Alloy Simbi Isina Musono Machubhu, ASTM A213 Giredhi T9 Alloy Simbi Isina Musono MachubhuuyeASTM A213 Giredhi T11 Alloy Simbi Isina Musono Machubhukubva kuWomic Steel.
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