Mugadziri weMachubhu eBoiler neHeat Exchanger - Womic Steel
1. Pfupiso yeASTM A213 T9 Alloy Steel Tube
ASTM A213 T9 chubhu yesimbi ye alloyimhando yesimbi ye chromium-molybdenum alloy yakagadzirirwa zvakananganzvimbo dzebasa dzinopisa zvakanyanya uye dzine kumanikidzwa kwakanyanyazvakaita semaboiler, masuperheater, uye ma heat exchangers. Chinhu ichi chine chromium yakawanda zvichienzaniswa nedzimwe mhando dze alloy dzakaderera, izvo zvinovandudza zvakanyanya kusimba kwe oxidation, simba rekukwira, uye kugadzikana kwechimiro pakupisa kwakakwira.
IyoASTM A213 T9 chubhu yesimbi ye alloyinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumafekitori emagetsi, nzvimbo dzemafuta, mayuniti ekuchenesa, uye masisitimu emapaipi eindasitiri anodziya zvakanyanya uko kuvimbika kwenguva refu kwakakosha.
Semugadziri wehunyanzvi,Simbi yeWomicinopa zvemhando yepamusoroASTM A213 T9 machubhu esimbi asina musono alloyzvichitevedza zvizereASTM A213 / ASME SA213 zviyeroSisitimu yedu yekugadzira inotevedzera maitiro ekudzora mhando uye inopa kurongeka kwakazara kwezvinhu. Zvigadzirwa zvinogona kuendeswa neEN 10204 3.1 kana EN 10204 3.2 chitupa, uye machubhu anoshandiswa muzvishandiso zvekumanikidza anogona kusanganaZvinodiwa zvechitupa chePED 2014/68/EUyemusika wekuEurope.
Nezvivakwa zvekugadzira zvemhando yepamusoro uye cheni yekugovera zvinhu zvakagadziriswa, Womic Steel inovimbisa mhando yakavimbika, kugadzirisa zvinhu nenzira inochinjika, uye hurongwa hwekutumira zvinhu hune makwikwi kumapurojekiti epasi rose.
2. ASTM A213 T9 Tube Production Specifications uye Dimensional Range
PaWomic Steel,ASTM A213 T9 machubhu esimbi alloyAnogadzirwa muhukuru hwakasiyana-siyana kuti asvike pazvinodiwa nemaboiler system, heat exchangers, uye ma industrial pressure pombi. Machubhu ese ari maviri asina musono akagadzirwa nekupisa neanodhonzwa nechando anogona kupihwa zvichienderana nehukuru hwakarurama uye zvinodiwa pakushandisa.
Tafura 1 - ASTM A213 T9 Saizi yeTube
| Paramita | Range Yakajairika |
| Dhayamita yekunze | 12.7 mm – 219 mm |
| Ukobvu hwemadziro | 1.5 mm - 30 mm |
| Kureba Kwakajairwa | 6 m - 12 m |
| Kureba Kwakanyanya | Kusvika 18 m |
| Rudzi rweKugadzira | Yakapedzwa musono / Yakatorwa nechando |
| Mamiriro Epamusoro | Nhema / Yakabikwa muhari / Yakapfurwa nepfuti |
Kugona kugadzira zvinhu kuWomic Steel kunochinjika kunoita kuti tikwanise kusangana nezvose zviri zvivirimaodha madiki etsika uye zvinodiwa zvekupa mapurojekiti makuru.
3. Kushivirira kweASTM A213 T9 Alloy Steel Tubes
Kudzora mativi chaiwo kwakakosha kune masisitimu epombi yekumanikidza.Machubhu eASTM A213 T9 asina musonoYakagadzirwa neWomic Steel inotevedzera zvinodiwa zveASTM zvekushivirira kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti inoenderana nemaitiro ekugadzira, kusanganisa, uye kuisa.
Tafura 2 - Kushivirira Kwemativi
| Paramita | Kushivirira |
| Dhayamita yekunze | ± 0.75% |
| Ukobvu hwemadziro | ±10% |
| Kureba | +3 mm / 0 |
| Kururama | ≤1/1000 yehurefu hwese |
| Kubuda kweOvality | Mukati mekutsungirira kweOD |
Kushivirirana uku kwakasimba kunovimbisa kutiASTM A213 T9 machubhu esimbi alloyinogona kushandiswa zvakavimbika mumasisitimu ane kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya.
4. Kuumbwa kweMakemikoro eASTM A213 T9 Alloy Steel
Kuitwa kweASTM A213 T9 chubhu yesimbi ye alloyInonyanya kutsanangurwa nezvinhu zvayo zve chromium ne molybdenum alloying, izvo zvinopa simba rakanaka rekudzivirira oxidation uye creep deformation pasi pekupisa kwakanyanya.
Tafura 3 - Kuumbwa kwemakemikari eASTM A213 T9
| Chinhu | Kuumbwa (%) |
| Kabhoni (C) | ≤0.15 |
| Manganese (Mn) | 0.30 – 0.60 |
| Phosphorus (P) | ≤0.025 |
| Sarufa (S) | ≤0.025 |
| Silikoni (Si) | ≤0.50 |
| Chromium (Cr) | 8.00 – 10.00 |
| Molybdenum (Mo) | 0.90 – 1.10 |
Chromium yakawanda muASTM A213 T9 chubhu yesimbi ye alloyinopa simba rakawedzerwa rekudzivirira kukura uye oxidation munzvimbo dzinopisa zvakanyanya.
5. Hunhu hweMachubhu eASTM A213 T9
Kushanda kwemuchina kweASTM A213 T9 machubhu esimbi alloyinoita kuti chivakwa chive chakavimbika pasi pekumanikidzwa kwakanyanya uye mamiriro ekupisa kwakanyanya anowanikwa mumaboiler nemasystem ekuchinjana kupisa.
Tafura 4 - Zvimiro zveMichina
| Pfuma | Chinodiwa |
| Simba reKusimba | ≥415 MPa |
| Simba reGoho | ≥205 MPa |
| Kureba | ≥30% |
| Kuoma | ≤89 HRB |
Zvimiro izvi zvemakanika zvinobvumiraASTM A213 T9 machubhu esimbi alloykuchengetedza simba uye kugadzikana panguva yekushanda kwenguva refu pakupisa kwakanyanya.
6. Maitiro Ekugadzira Machubhu Asina Musono eASTM A213 T9
Vagadziri veWomic SteelASTM A213 T9 machubhu esimbi asina musono alloyuchishandisa tekinoroji yepamusoro yekugadzira uye kutonga kwakasimba kwemaitiro.
Matanho ekugadzira anowanzo sanganisira:
Kuongorora Zvinhu Zvisina Kugadzirwa → Kucheka Mabhiri → Kupisa → Kuboora Kunopisa → Kupisa Kunotenderedza → Kurapa Kupisa → Kururamisa → Kuedza Kusingakuvadzi → Kuongorora Kwekupedzisira → Kurongedza
Zvakanakira zvikuru pakugadzira zvinosanganisira:
• Zvishandiso zvesimbi zvemhando yepamusoro zvinobva kumagetsi ane magwaro ekugadzira zvinhu
• Midziyo yepamusoro inotenderedza inoita kuti zvive nyore kuyera mativi
• Kudzora zvakasimba simbi panguva yekupisa nekugadzira
• Kunyatso teverwa kubva pazvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa kusvika pachubhu yapera
7. Zvinodiwa pakurapa kupisa
Kurapa kupisa kwakakosha kuti pave nechimiro chakanaka che microstructure uye hunhu hwemakanikaASTM A213 T9 machubhu esimbi alloy.
Kurapa kupisa kwakajairika kunosanganisira:
• Kuvhara zvizere
• Kupisa kwemvura kunobva mumhepo inopisa (isothermal annealing)
• Maitiro ekutonhodza anodzorwa
Kurapa uku kunovandudza kufanana kwechimiro chegorosi uye kunosimudzira kushanda zvakanaka pakupisa kwakanyanya.
8. Kuongorora neKuedza Machubhu eASTM A213 T9
ZveseASTM A213 T9 machubhu esimbi alloyyakagadzirwa neWomic Steel inoongororwa zvakakwana uye kuyedzwa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti inotevedzera mitemo yepasi rose.
Kuedzwa kweMichina neMuviri
• Kuedza kusimba
• Kuyedzwa kwehukukutu
• Kuedza kupwanya
• Kuedza kupfura
• Kuongororwa kwekumanikidzwa kwemvura
Kuedzwa Kusingaparadze
• Kuongororwa kweUltrasonic (UT)
• Kuongororwa kweEddy current (ET)
• Kuongororwa kwezvimedu zvemagineti (MT) kana zvichidikanwa
Chitupa uye Magwaro
Zvigadzirwa zvinogona kuendeswa ne:
•Chitupa Chekuyedza cheEN 10204 3.1 Mill
•EN 10204 3.2 Chitupa Chekuongorora Chechitatu
•Magwaro ekutevedzera mitemo yePED 2014/68/EU
Kuongorora kwevamwe vanhu kunogona kurongwa kuburikidzaSGS, BV, TÜV, DNV, kana mamwe masangano ekuongorora ane mvumo.
9. Mashandisirwo eASTM A213 T9 Alloy Steel Tubes
Nekuda kwesimba rayo rakanaka kwazvo pakupisa kwepamusoro uye kuramba kwayo kuoxidation,ASTM A213 T9 chubhu yesimbi ye alloyinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumidziyo yakakosha yeindasitiri.
Maitiro akajairika anosanganisira:
• Machubhu ebhoyira emagetsi
• Machubhu eSuperheater nereheater
• Zvinochinja-chinja kupisa kwemafuta
• Mapaipi anodziya zvakanyanya
• Midziyo yekugadzira zvinhu zvekuchenesa
Chigadzirwa chacho chakakodzera zvikuru munzvimbo umo michina inoshanda nguva dzose pakupisa kwakakwirira.
10. Mabasa Ekugadzirisa Nekugadzira
Pamusoro pekupa machubhu asina kugadzirwa,Simbi yeWomicinopa mabasa ekugadzirisa zvinhu anowedzera kukosha kuneASTM A213 T9 machubhu esimbi alloykusangana nezvinodiwa zvepurojekiti.
Masevhisi aripo anosanganisira:
• Kukombama uye kugadzira chubhu
• Machubhu anokombama eU ekuchinjana kupisa
• Kugadzira nekucheka nemazvo
• Kugadzirwa kwezvikamu zvepombi
• Kuunganidzwa kwepombi dzemvura
Unyanzvi uhwu hwekugadzirisa hunoita kuti vatengi vagamuchirezvikamu zvakagadzirira kuiswa, kuderedza nguva yekugadzira panzvimbo yacho.
11. Kugona Kugadzira uye Zvakanakira Kutumira
Womic Steel inochengetedza kugona kwayo kugadzira zvinhu kwakasimbaASTM A213 T9 machubhu esimbi alloyinotsigirwa nezvinhu zvakagadzika uye michina yekugadzira yepamusoro.
Zvakanakira zvikuru zvinosanganisira:
• Mitsetse mikuru yekugadzira machubhu asina musono
• Simba resimbi rakagadzikana re alloy billet
• Sisitimu yakasimba yekudzora mhando
• Kurongeka kwekugadzira kunochinjika
Nguva yakajairika yekugadzira ndeyeMazuva 15–35 zvichienderana nezvinodiwa neodha.
Zvakakosha,Womic Steel haina huwandu hushoma hweodha, uye kunyangemaodha echikamu chimwe chete anogona kugamuchirwa, zvichipa mukana wekuti pave nekugona kutenga nekuchengetedza mapurojekiti.
12. Kurongedza uye Kutakurwa Kwepasi Rose
Kuti zvive nechokwadi chekuti kutakurwa kwakachengeteka,ASTM A213 T9 machubhu esimbi asina musono alloyzvinopakwa uchishandisa masisitimu ekudzivirira emhando yekutumira kunze kwenyika.
Sarudzo dzekurongedza dzinosanganisira:
• Mapaketi ane tambo dzesimbi
• Mabhokisi emapuranga akakodzera kunyura mumvura
• Zvivharo zvepurasitiki
• Kuputira mafuta ekudzivirira ngura
• Kuputira kusina mvura
Neruzivo rwakakura mukutakura zvinhu pasi rose, Womic Steel inopa mhinduro dzinoshanda dzekutumira zvinhu kuburikidza nekutakurwa kwemugungwa, kutakurwa kwechitima, uye kutakurwa kwezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, kuve nechokwadi chekuti zvinhu zvinotumirwa panguva yakakodzera pasi rose.
13. Sei Uchifanira Kusarudza Simbi Yesimbi Yesimbi YeASTM A213 T9 Tubes?
Semugadziri wechubhu dzesimbi dzesimbi dzine ruzivo uye anotumira kunze kwenyika,Simbi yeWomicinopa musanganiswa wehunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi, kugona kugadzira, uye kuendesa kwakavimbika.
Simba redu rinosanganisira:
• Kutevedzera zvizereASTM A213 / ASME SA213 zviyero
•Zvitupa zvePED zvakabvumidzwa zvemapurojekiti emidziyo yekumanikidza
•EN 10204 3.1 / 3.2 magwaro ekuongorora
• Nzvimbo dzepamusoro dzekuongorora nekuongorora
• Huwandu hweodha hunochinjika uye mhinduro inokurumidza
• Mabasa ekugadzira nekugadzira michina yakagadzirwa nemaoko
• Kukwanisa kwakasimba kwekugadzira uye hurongwa hwekutumira hwakagadzikana
Mabhenefiti aya anobvumira Womic Steel kutsigira vatengi pasi rese mumapurojekiti ekugadzira magetsi, petrochemical, uye maindasitiri emapaipi.
14.ASTM A213 Alloy Steel Seamless Tubes – Kukura Kwekugadzirwa
Vagadziri veWomic SteelASTM A213 Giredhi T5, ASTM A213 Giredhi T9, uye ASTM A213 Giredhi T11 Alloy Steel Seamless Tubesine dhayamita dzakasiyana-siyana uye ukobvu hwemadziro hwakakodzera mabhoyila, ma heat exchangers, uye sevhisi yekumanikidzwa kwekupisa kwakanyanya.
Tafura Yehukuru Hwakajairika
| Saizi yePombi Yezita (NPS) | Dhayamita Yekunze (OD) | Ukobvu hwemadziro huripo (Purogiramu) | Tsananguro yeChigadzirwa |
| 1/2″ NB | 21.3 mm | SCH 20 / 30 / 40 / 80 / 160 | ASTM A213 Giredhi T5 Alloy Simbi Isina Musono Machubhu |
| 3/4″ NB | 26.7 mm | SCH 20 / 30 / 40 / 80 / 160 | ASTM A213 Giredhi T5 Alloy Simbi Isina Musono Machubhu |
| 1″ NB | 33.4 mm | SCH 20 / 30 / 40 / 60 / 80 / 160 | ASTM A213 Giredhi T5 Alloy Simbi Isina Musono Machubhu |
| 1 1/4″ NB | 42.2 mm | SCH STD / SCH 40 / SCH 80 / SCH 160 | ASTM A213 Giredhi T9 Alloy Simbi Isina Musono Machubhu |
| 1 1/2″ NB | 48.3 mm | SCH STD / SCH 40 / SCH 80 / SCH 160 | ASTM A213 Giredhi T9 Alloy Simbi Isina Musono Machubhu |
| 2″ NB | 60.3 mm | SCH 20 / 40 / 60 / 80 / 100 / 160 | ASTM A213 Giredhi T11 Alloy Simbi Isina Musono Machubhu |
| 2 1/2″ NB | 73 mm | SCH STD / SCH 40 / SCH 80 / SCH 160 | ASTM A213 Giredhi T11 Alloy Simbi Isina Musono Machubhu |
| 3″ NB | 88.9 mm | SCH STD / SCH 40 / SCH 80 / SCH 160 | ASTM A213 Giredhi T11 Alloy Simbi Isina Musono Machubhu |
| 4″ NB | 114.3 mm | SCH 20 / 40 / 60 / 80 / 100 / 160 | ASTM A213 Giredhi T11 Alloy Simbi Isina Musono Machubhu |
| 5″ NB | 141.3 mm | SCH STD / SCH 40 / SCH 80 / SCH 160 | ASTM A213 Giredhi T11 Alloy Simbi Isina Musono Machubhu |
| 6″ NB | 168.3 mm | SCH 20 / 40 / 60 / 80 / 100 / 160 | ASTM A213 Giredhi T11 Alloy Simbi Isina Musono Machubhu |
| 8″ NB | 219.1 mm | SCH 20 / 40 / 60 / 80 / 100 / 160 | ASTM A213 Giredhi T11 Alloy Simbi Isina Musono Machubhu |
| 10″ NB | 273 mm | SCH 20 / 40 / 80 / 120 / 160 | ASTM A213 Giredhi T11 Alloy Simbi Isina Musono Machubhu |
| 12″ NB | 323.9 mm | SCH 20 / 40 / 80 / 120 / 160 | ASTM A213 Giredhi T11 Alloy Simbi Isina Musono Machubhu |
Zvese izvi zvinopihwa seASTM A213 Giredhi T5 Alloy Simbi Isina Musono Machubhu, ASTM A213 Giredhi T9 Alloy Simbi Isina Musono MachubhuuyeASTM A213 Giredhi T11 Alloy Simbi Isina Musono Machubhuzvichienderana nezvinodiwa neprojekiti.
15. ASTM A213 Alloy Steel Grades Comparison Table
Magiredhi akasiyana mukati meASTM A213 Alloy Steel Seamless Tubesstandard inopa huwandu hwakasiyana hwe chromium ne molybdenum kuti irambe yakasimba uye ichidzivirira ngura.
Tafura Yekuenzanisa Zvinhu
| Giredhi | Zvinhu Zvikuru zveAlloying | Kuramba Kupisa Kwakajairika | Zvinhu Zvikuru | Maitiro Akajairika |
| ASTM A213 T5 | Cr-Mo Alloy Simbi | Kusvika 600°C | Kudzivirira kwakanaka kwe oxidation | Maboiler, zvinochinja-chinja kupisa |
| ASTM A213 T9 | Chishongo cheChromium Chakakwirira | Kusvika 650°C | Simba rekukwira rakavandudzwa | Machubhu emagetsi emagetsi |
| ASTM A213 T11 | 1.25Cr-0.5Mo Alloy | Kusvika ku580°C | Simba rakanaka kwazvo rekupisa kwepamusoro | Machubhu eSuperheater & boiler |
| ASTM A213 T22 | 2.25Cr-1Mo Alloy | Kusvika 650°C | Kuramba kwakanyanya | Mapaipi echiteshi chemagetsi |
| ASTM A213 T91 | 9Cr-1Mo Alloy | Kusvika 700°C | Kuramba kwepamberi kwekukambaira | Mabhoyira epamusoro-soro |
Pakati pezvinhu izvi,ASTM A213 Giredhi T5 Alloy Simbi Isina Musono Machubhu, ASTM A213 Giredhi T9 Alloy Simbi Isina Musono MachubhuuyeASTM A213 Giredhi T11 Alloy Simbi Isina Musono Machubhuanoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumachubhu ebhoyira, machubhu esuperheater, uye masisitimu emachubhu ekupisa.
16ASTM A213 Alloy Steel Tubes Keyword Matrix
Matrix inotevera inobatsira mainjini ekutsvaga nemainjiniya kuona mareferensi anoshandiswa zvakanyanya eASTM A213 Alloy Steel Seamless Tubes.
ASTM A213 Tube Saizi Keyword Matrix
1/2″ NB muKukora Purogiramu 20, Purogiramu 30, Purogiramu STD, Purogiramu 40, Purogiramu 60, Purogiramu 80, Purogiramu 100, Purogiramu 120, Purogiramu 160, Purogiramu XXS muASTM A213 Giredhi T5 Alloy Simbi Isina Musono Machubhu
3/4″ NB muKukora Purogiramu 20, Purogiramu 30, Purogiramu STD, Purogiramu 40, Purogiramu 60, Purogiramu 80, Purogiramu 100, Purogiramu 120, Purogiramu 160, Purogiramu XXS muASTM A213 Giredhi T5 Alloy Simbi Isina Musono Machubhu
1″ NB muKukora Purogiramu 20, Purogiramu 30, Purogiramu STD, Purogiramu 40, Purogiramu 60, Purogiramu 80, Purogiramu 100, Purogiramu 120, Purogiramu 160, Purogiramu XXS muASTM A213 Giredhi T9 Alloy Simbi Isina Musono Machubhu
1 1/2″ NB muKukora Purogiramu 20, Purogiramu 30, Purogiramu STD, Purogiramu 40, Purogiramu 60, Purogiramu 80, Purogiramu 100, Purogiramu 120, Purogiramu 160, Purogiramu XXS muASTM A213 Giredhi T9 Alloy Simbi Isina Musono Machubhu
2″ NB muKukora Purogiramu 20, Purogiramu 30, Purogiramu STD, Purogiramu 40, Purogiramu 60, Purogiramu 80, Purogiramu 100, Purogiramu 120, Purogiramu 160, Purogiramu XXS muASTM A213 Giredhi T11 Alloy Simbi Isina Musono Machubhu
3″ NB muKukora Purogiramu 20, Purogiramu 30, Purogiramu STD, Purogiramu 40, Purogiramu 60, Purogiramu 80, Purogiramu 100, Purogiramu 120, Purogiramu 160, Purogiramu XXS muASTM A213 Giredhi T11 Alloy Simbi Isina Musono Machubhu
4″ NB muKukora Purogiramu 20, Purogiramu 30, Purogiramu STD, Purogiramu 40, Purogiramu 60, Purogiramu 80, Purogiramu 100, Purogiramu 120, Purogiramu 160, Purogiramu XXS muASTM A213 Giredhi T11 Alloy Simbi Isina Musono Machubhu
6″ NB muKukora Purogiramu 20, Purogiramu 30, Purogiramu STD, Purogiramu 40, Purogiramu 60, Purogiramu 80, Purogiramu 100, Purogiramu 120, Purogiramu 160, Purogiramu XXS muASTM A213 Giredhi T11 Alloy Simbi Isina Musono Machubhu
8″ NB muKukora Purogiramu 20, Purogiramu 30, Purogiramu STD, Purogiramu 40, Purogiramu 60, Purogiramu 80, Purogiramu 100, Purogiramu 120, Purogiramu 160, Purogiramu XXS muASTM A213 Giredhi T11 Alloy Simbi Isina Musono Machubhu
10″ NB muKukora Purogiramu 20, Purogiramu 30, Purogiramu STD, Purogiramu 40, Purogiramu 60, Purogiramu 80, Purogiramu 100, Purogiramu 120, Purogiramu 160, Purogiramu XXS muASTM A213 Giredhi T11 Alloy Simbi Isina Musono Machubhu
12″ NB muKukora Purogiramu 20, Purogiramu 30, Purogiramu STD, Purogiramu 40, Purogiramu 60, Purogiramu 80, Purogiramu 100, Purogiramu 120, Purogiramu 160, Purogiramu XXS muASTM A213 Giredhi T11 Alloy Simbi Isina Musono Machubhu
Zvinyorwa izvi zvinobatsira vatengi kuwana zviri nyore zviripoASTM A213 Giredhi T5 Alloy Simbi Isina Musono Machubhu, ASTM A213 Giredhi T9 Alloy Simbi Isina Musono MachubhuuyeASTM A213 Giredhi T11 Alloy Simbi Isina Musono Machubhukubva kuWomic Steel.
Tinozvikudza nepfungwa dzedumabasa ekugadzirisa zvinhu, kutenderera kwekugadzira nekukurumidzauyenetwork yekutumira pasi rose, kuve nechokwadi chekuti zvaunoda chaizvo zvinozadzikiswa nemazvo uye neunyanzvi.
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