Machubhu ebhoyira zvinhu zvakakosha zvinoshandiswa mukugadzira steam systems, maboyira emaindasitiri, mapower plants, uye michina yekuchinjana kupisa. Nekuti machubhu aya anoshanda pasi pekumanikidzwa kwakanyanya uye mamiriro ekupisa kwakanyanya, kusarudza zvinhu zvakakodzera kwakakosha pakuona kuti system inoshanda zvakanaka uye yakachengeteka.
Mitemo yakati wandei yepasi rose inotsanangura zvinhu zvinoshandiswa kugadzira machubhu ebhoyira, pakati pazvoASTM A192, ASTM A210, uye ASTM A213Ndiwo mamwe emhando dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya. Chimwe nechimwe chezvinhu izvi chine hunhu hwakasiyana hwemakanika, mwero wekudzivirira kupisa, uye zvakanakira mashandisirwo acho.
Kunzwisisa mutsauko uripo pakati pezvinhu izvi kunobatsira mainjiniya nemapoka ekutenga zvinhu kusarudza zvinhu zveboiler tube zvakakodzera mapurojekiti chaiwo emaindasitiri.
Womic Steel inyanzvi yekugadzira machubhu eboilerkugadzira machubhu ebhoyira asina musono zvichienderana nezvinodiwa zvepasi rose zvakaita seASTM A192, ASTM A210, ASTM A213, uye EN10216 P235GHNekushandisa michina yekugadzira machubhu emhando yepamusoro uye maitiro ekudzora mhando, Womic Steel inopa mhinduro dzakavimbika dzemachubhu eboiler kune mafekitori emagetsi, nzvimbo dzemafuta, uye masisitimu ekudziyisa emaindasitiri pasi rese.
Machubhu eboiler anowanzo patsanurwa muzvikamu zviviri zvikuru:machubhu ebhaira esimbi yekabhoniuyemachubhu ebhaira esimbi yesimbiZvinhu zvesimbi yekabhoni zvinowanzo shandiswa pakushandiswa kwekupisa kuri pakati nepakati uye kumanikidzwa, nepo zvinhu zvesimbi ye alloy zvichishandiswa munzvimbo dzinopisa zvakanyanya uko kunodiwa kuramba kukwira kwemvura uye kuramba kuoxidation.
ASTM A192 neASTM A210 zvese zviri zviviri simbi yekabhoni inowanzoshandiswa mumaboiler system, nepo ASTM A213 inosanganisira simbi ye alloy uye simbi isina ngura yakagadzirirwa kushanda pakupisa kwakanyanya.
Tafura inotevera inopa ruzivo rwakadzama rwezviyero zvitatu zvakakosha zvemachubhu ebhoyira.
| Zvakajairika | Rudzi rwezvinhu | Magiredhi Akajairika | Kuramba Kupisa | Maitiro Akajairika |
| ASTM A192 | Simbi yeKabhoni | A192 | Pakati nepakati | Maboiler ane simba guru |
| ASTM A210 | Simbi yeKabhoni | Giredhi A1 / C | Pakati Nepakati kusvika Pamusoro | Maboiler nemapombi |
| ASTM A213 | Simbi yeAlloy | T11 / T22 / T91 | Yakakwirira kusvika Yakakwirira Zvikuru | Masuperheaters uye mareheaters |
ASTM A192 imhando yemachubhu eboiler esimbi yecarbon isina musono akagadzirirwa kushanda ne high pressure. Machubhu aya anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumaboiler emaindasitiri uye masisitimu ekuchinjana kupisa uko kunodiwa simba rakavimbika uye mashandiro ekutamisa kupisa.
Kuumbwa kwemakemikari eASTM A192 carbon steel kuri nyore, izvo zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kusanganisa mvura uye kushandisa mari zvakanaka. Nekuda kwehunhu uhwu, machubhu eA192 anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumaboiler akawanda emaindasitiri.
Zvakajairikakuumbwa kwemakemikari eASTM A192inosanganisira zvinhu zvinotevera.
| Chinhu | Zviri Mukati |
| Kabhoni | ≤ 0.18% |
| Manganese | 0.27 – 0.63% |
| Fosforasi | ≤ 0.035% |
| Sarufa | ≤ 0.035% |
ASTM A210 imwe nzira yekuisa chubhu yebhoyira yesimbi yecarbon steel, asi inopa simba remuchina rakavandudzwa kana tichienzanisa neASTM A192. Iyi nzira inosanganisira:Giredhi A1 neGiredhi C, izvo zvinowanzoshandiswa mumaindasitiri emabhaira.
Simba rakakwirira reASTM A210 rinoita kuti ikwanise kushandiswa panodiwa kuramba kudzvanywa.
Zvakajairikakuumbwa kwemakemikari eASTM A210inoratidzwa mutafura inotevera.
| Chinhu | Giredhi A1 | Giredhi C |
| Kabhoni | ≤ 0.27% | ≤ 0.35% |
| Manganese | ≤ 0.93% | 0.29 – 1.06% |
| Fosforasi | ≤ 0.035% | ≤ 0.035% |
| Sarufa | ≤ 0.035% | ≤ 0.035% |
Nekuda kwehuwandu hwakawanda hwekabhoni, machubhu eASTM A210 anopa simba rakawedzerwa rekudhonza kana tichienzanisa neASTM A192.
Tafura inotevera inoenzanisahunhu hwemakanika hwemachubhu eASTM A192 neASTM A210.
| Pfuma | ASTM A192 | ASTM A210 Giredhi C |
| Simba reKusimba | ≥ 325 MPa | ≥ 485 MPa |
| Simba reGoho | ≥ 180 MPa | ≥ 275 MPa |
| Kureba | ≥ 35% | ≥ 30% |
Kunyange zvazvo zvinhu zvesimbi yekabhoni zvakakodzera kushandiswa mumabhaira akawanda, mafekitori emagetsi emazuva ano anowanzo shanda pakupisa kwakanyanya. Muzviitiko izvi, zvinhu zvesimbi ye alloy zvinodiwa.
ASTM A213 inovhara machubhu esimbi esimbi asina musono eferritic neaustenitic alloy anoshandiswa pakupisa kwakanyanya. Izvi zvinosanganisira mhando dzakasiyana dzesimbi dzesimbi dzakadai seT11, T22, uye T91, izvo zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumichina yekugadzira magetsi.
Kuwedzerwa kwezvinhu zvinosanganisa simbi zvakaita sechromium uye molybdenumzvinovandudza zvakanyanya simba resimbi pakupisa kwakanyanya uye kuramba kwayo kushanduka-shanduka.
Tafura inotevera inoratidza zvakajairikaASTM A213 alloy steel mamakisi.
| Giredhi | Chromium | Molybdenum | Kushandiswa Kwakajairika |
| T11 | ~1.25% | ~0.5% | Machubhu ebhaira |
| T22 | ~2.25% | ~1% | Magirazi ekupisa |
| T91 | ~9% | ~1% | Mabhoyira epamusoro-soro |
Zvichienzaniswa nemachubhu ebhoyira esimbi yekabhoni, zvinhu zvesimbi ye alloy zvinopa kushanda kwakawedzerwa zvakanyanya pakupisa kwakakwira.
Kuti tinzwisise zviri nani mutsauko uripo pakati pezvinhu izvi, tafura inotevera inopfupikisamabhenefiti makuru eASTM A192, A210, uye A213 machubhu.
| Zvinhu | Chakanakira Chikuru | Muganho |
| ASTM A192 | Inoshanda zvakanaka pamutengo | Simba rakaderera |
| ASTM A210 | Simbi yekabhoni yakasimba zvikuru | Kudzivirira kupisa kushoma |
| ASTM A213 | Kushanda kwakanaka kwazvo pakupisa kwepamusoro | Mutengo wakakwira |
Nekuti zvikamu zvakasiyana zve boiler system zvinoshanda patembiricha dzakasiyana, mainjiniya vanowanzo shandisa zvinhu zvakawanda mukati me system imwe chete. Semuenzaniso, machubhu esimbi yekabhoni anogona kushandiswa muzvikamu zvetembiricha yakaderera ye boiler, nepo machubhu esimbi ye alloy achishandiswa muma superheaters uko tembiricha yemhepo yakakwira zvakanyanya.
Senyanzvimugadziri wechubhu yebhoyira isina musono, Womic Steel inogadzira mhando dzakasiyana dzezvinhu zvemachubhu ebhoyira, kusanganisiraMachubhu esimbi yekabhoni yeASTM A192, machubhu eboiler yeASTM A210, uye machubhu esimbi yesimbi yeASTM A213 alloy.
Zvigadzirwa izvi zvinogadzirwa uchishandisa tekinoroji yepamusoro yekugadzira machubhu asina musono, kusanganisiramaitiro ekudhirowa anopisa uye anotonhora, izvo zvinovimbisa kururama kwakanaka kwehukuru uye hunhu hwemakanika hunoenderana.
Maitiro ekuongorora anoitwawo panguva yekugadzira. Maitiro ekudzora mhando anowanzo sanganisira:
Kuedzwa kweUltrasonic
Kuedzwa kwazvino kweEddy
Kuyedzwa kwekumanikidzwa kwemvura
Kuedzwa kwemidziyo yemakanika
Kuongorora kuumbwa kwemakemikari
At Simbi yeWomic, machubhu ese ebhoyira anoongororwa nokungwarira asati atumirwa kuitira kuve nechokwadi chekuti zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa pasi rose uye zvinodiwa nevatengi papurojekiti.
Machubhu eboiler anogadzirwa neWomic Steel anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumafekitori emagetsi, masisitimu ekudziya emuchina wekuchenesa, nzvimbo dzemafuta, uye maboiler emhepo emumaindasitiri pasi rese.
Neruzivo rwakakura mukugadzira machubhu esimbi asina musono,Womic Steel inoramba ichipa mhinduro dzakavimbika dzemachubhu ebhoyira kumapurojekiti einjiniya epasi rose, kusanganisiramachubhu ebhoyira asina musono, machubhu ekuchinjana kupisa, machubhu ekugadzirisa akanyatsotorwa anotonhora, uye machubhu eU bend akagadzirwa nemaoko.
Kuburikidza netekinoroji yepamusoro yekugadzira uye zvikwata zvehunyanzvi zvekugadzira,Womic Steel inopa zvinhu zveboiler tube zvinoshanda zvakanyanya zvakagadzirirwa kushandiswa kwemaindasitiri zvakanyanya.
Mugadziri weWomic Steel Boiler Tube - Ruzivo rwekuonana
Womic Steel inyanzvi yekugadzira zvinhu ine hunyanzvi mukugadzira machubhu ebhoyira asina musono, machubhu anodhonzwa achitonhora, machubhu ekuchinjana kupisa, uye machubhu eU bend emapurojekiti epasi rose. Nemichina yekugadzira yepamusoro uye masisitimu ekudzora mhando akasimba, Womic Steel inopa mhinduro dzemachubhu dzinoshanda zvakanaka dzinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvepasi rose zvinosanganisira ASTM A192, ASTM A210, ASTM A213, EN10216 P235GH, uye mhando dzakasiyana dzesimbi yesimbi uye simbi isina ngura.
Semugadziri wemachubhu eboiler ane ruzivo, Womic Steel inopa zvigadzirwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvakaita semachubhu eboiler asina musono, machubhu anodhonzwa anotonhora, machubhu eboiler esimbi alloy, machubhu ekupisa esimbi isina ngura, uye machubhu eU bend akagadzirwa nemaoko. Zvigadzirwa izvi zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumafekitori emagetsi, mabhoiler emaindasitiri, nzvimbo dzemafuta, nzvimbo dzekuchenesa, uye masisitimu ekupisa.
Womic Steel inokwanisa kugadzira machubhu akagadzirwa anosanganisira machubhu eU, machubhu eserpentine, machubhu anokombama akawanda, uye machubhu ecoil, ichitsigira makambani einjiniya nevagadziri vemidziyo vane kugona kugadzira kwakavimbika uye mhando yechigadzirwa inoenderana.
Nemapoka ehunyanzvi ekugadzira uye mitsetse yekugadzira yemazuva ano, Womic Steel inovimbisa mhando yakagadzikana, saizi chaiyo, uye kutumirwa kwakavimbika kune yega yega purojekiti.
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