1. Simbi yeWomic: Kugona Kugadzira & Simba reKambani
Womic Steel Group inoshandisa nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekugadzira LSAW dzinobatanidza nzira nhatu huru dzekugadzira pamwe nehunyanzvi hwepamusoro hwemadziro anorema. Kugadzira X65 kunoda kugadziriswa kwepamusoro-soro kwemaplate (TMCP) uye kudzora kupisa kwakanyatsojeka panguva yekusveta.
● Mutsetse weJCOE:Kune dhayamita 406mm – 1,422mm (16″–56″), ukobvu hwemadziro hunosvika 50.8mm. Kugadzira JCO nhanho nhanho nekuwedzera kwemuchina. Yakakodzera kushandiswa kwetambo dzeX65 dzepamhenderekedzo yegungwa.
●Mutsetse weUOE:Kune dhayamita 508mm – 1,220mm (20″–48″), ukobvu hwemadziro hunosvika 40mm. Kugadzira U-forming kozogadzira O-forming nekuwedzera kwehydraulic. Kunyatsojeka kwemhando yepamusoro (±0.2% OD), kunofarirwa pamapaipi emvura yakadzika, ma risers, uye sevhisi yakakora.
●Purati Yakamonerwa (Musono Mumwe Chete):Kune dhayamita 600mm – 1,600mm (24″–63″), ukobvu hwemadziro hunobva pa25mm kusvika pa70mm. Pureti imwe chete inomonererwa musirindiri. Yakanakira mapaipi emadziro ane madziro anorema X65 anoda kudzivirira kudonha kwakanyanya.
●Purati Yakamonerwa (Musono Wakaviri):Kuti madziro akobvu kupfuura 50.8mm kusvika 80mm, uchishandisa maplate maviri akasungirirwa kwenguva refu. Anoshandiswa pakuisa mapaipi eCO₂ ane pressure yakanyanya uye kupinza mvura.
Huwandu hwese hweLSAW hunopfuura matani 300,000 pagore, nekugadzirwa kweX65 kwakatsaurirwa kunodarika matani 70,000 pagore. Womic Steel ine API 5L Monogram, ISO 9001, CE PED, uye inoongororwa nguva dzose neABS, DNV, TÜV, neBV. Rekodhi yepasi rose munyika dzinopfuura 80 nepaipi dzeX65 dzinopfuura makiromita 1,200.
Kuchinjika Kwekugadzira:
●JCOE: 406–1,422mm OD × 6.0–50.8mm Uzito × ≤ 18m
●UOE: 508–1,220mm OD × 6.0–40.0mm Uzito × ≤ 24m (kuwedzera kwemuchina, kutenderera ±0.2%)
●Pureti yakamonerwa (musono mumwe chete): 600–1,600mm OD × 25–70mm Uremu × ≤ 12m
●Pureti yakamonerwa (musono wakakombama): 1,000–2,000mm OD × 25–80mm Uremu × ≤ 12m
Mapaipi ese eX65 anogona kupihwa PWHT (post-weld heat treatment) kuti ashandiswe pamadziro akakora kana kuti akaoma. Kuyedzwa kwekupisa kwakaderera kunowanikwa kusvika -46°C uye -60°C.
2. API 5L X65: Kuumbwa kweZvinhu & Hunhu hweKushanda
API 5L X65 (L450) ipombi ine simba guru inoshandiswa zvakanyanya pakutumira gasi rinomanikidzwa zvakanyanya uye mapaipi emvura yakadzika kubva kumahombekombe. Simba shoma rekupa simba re450 MPa (65,300 psi) uye simba rekudhonza re535 MPa (77,600 psi). X65 inogadzirwa uchishandisa controlled rolling (TMCP) ine microalloying (Nb, V, Ti, kazhinji neMo yekushandira sour) kuti iwane fine acicular ferrite kana bainitic microstructure.
Kuumbwa kweMakemikoro (Kuongororwa kweMatanda, % yepamusoro nehuremu):
| Chinhu | API 5L X65 PSL1 (yakanyanya %) | API 5L X65 PSL2 (yakanyanya %) | Basa reSour (chinangwa chakajairika) |
| C | 0.22 (kazhinji 0.08-0.10) | 0.12 | ≤ 0.08 |
| Mn | 1.60 | 1.60 | ≤ 1.50 |
| P | 0.025 | 0.025 | ≤ 0.015 |
| S | 0.015 | 0.015 | ≤ 0.003 |
| Si | 0.45 | 0.45 | 0.15-0.40 |
| V | 0.10 | 0.10 | ≤ 0.08 |
| Nb | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.03-0.05 |
| Ti | 0.04 | 0.04 | ≤ 0.025 |
| Mo | Hazvina kutaurwa | Hazvina kutaurwa | ≤ 0.30 (yezvinovava) |
| CEV | Hazvina kutaurwa | ≤ 0.43 | ≤ 0.40 (yakajairika ≤ 0.38) |
Kuti ive sour service, Womic inochengetedza CEV ≤ 0.40% uye inoshandisa mapurati ane kabhoni shoma, manganese shoma, sarufa shoma pamwe necalcium yekurapa chimiro chayo.
Zvimiro zveMichina (Kupisa Kwemukamuri):
| Pfuma | API 5L X65 PSL1 | API 5L X65 PSL2 |
| Simba reKubereka (min) | 450 MPa (65,300 psi) | 450–600 MPa |
| Simba reKusimba (miniti) | 535 MPa (77,600 psi) | 535–760 MPa |
| Kureba (miniti) | 19% (yegeji ye50mm) | 19% |
| Chiyero cheGoho (chakanyanya) | Hazvina kutaurwa | 0.93 |
| Kuoma (kwakanyanya) | Hazvina kutaurwa | 90 HRB (yakaonda: 85 HRB yakajairika) |
| Kusimba Kwemhedzisiro (min) | Hazvidikanwi | 27 J @ 0°C (sarudzo -20°C, -40°C, -46°C) |
Kuenzanisa neX60 neX70:
| Giredhi | Goho reMPa | MPa inonamira | Chiyero cheGoho | Kushandiswa Kwakajairika |
| X60 | 415 | 520 | ≤ 0.93 | Gasi rine simba guru, riri pamhenderekedzo yegungwa |
| X65 | 450 | 535 | ≤ 0.93 | Kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya, mvura yakadzika |
| X70 | 485 | 570 | ≤ 0.93 | Kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya, daro refu |
3. Kutevedzera Dimensional Range & Standards
| Chinhu | Tsanangudzo |
| Zvakajairika | API 5L PSL1 / PSL2 (zvakare ISO 3183 L450, DNV-OS-F101 L450) |
| Maitiro Ekugadzira | JCOE, UOE, ndiro yakakungurutswa (musono mumwe chete/wakapetwa kaviri) |
| Dhayamita Yekunze | 219mm – 1,600mm (8″ – 63″) |
| Ruvara rweMadziro | JCOE/UOE: 6.0mm – 50.8mm; Ndiro yakamonerwa: 25mm – 70mm (kusvika 80mm yakagadzirwa) |
| Hurefu hwehurefu | Yakajairwa: 6m, 12m, 18m; Yakatambanudzwa: kusvika 24m (JCOE/UOE) kana 12m (ndiro yakamonerwa) |
| Kupedzisa Kupedzisa | Mugumo Wakajeka (PE), Mugumo Wakatsemurwa (BE) paAPI 5L (mugumo we30°, 1.6mm) |
| Kupedzisa Kwepamusoro | Yakashama, Yakazorwa Mafuta, 3LPE, 3LPP, FBE, Coal Tar Epoxy, Liquid Epoxy |
| Kushivirira | OD: ±0.5% kana ±3.2mm (chero zvishoma); Huremu: -0% / +15%; Kureba: +50mm / -0mm |
4. Zviyero & Magadzirirwo Anowanikwa - API 5L X65 LSAW Steel Pipe (Saizi Dzakajairwa Dzakasarudzwa)
| OD (mm) | Sarudzo dzeWT (mm) | Maitiro | Huremu hunenge (kg/m2) | Kureba Kwakajairwa | Kushandiswa Kwakajairika |
| 273 | 6.4, 8.0, 10.0, 12.5 | JCOE | 42.1 – 80.1 | 12m | Mitsetse yegasi iri padivi |
| 324 | 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 14.0 | JCOE | 62.4 – 107.1 | 12m / 18m | Kuunganidzwa kwemafuta |
| 406 | 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 14.0, 16.0, 19.0 | JCOE/UOE | 78.5 – 181.4 | 12m / 18m | Mitsetse yehunde |
| 508 | 10.0, 12.5, 14.0, 16.0, 19.0, 22.0 | UOE | 122.8 – 263.8 | 12m / 18m / 24m | Gasi rine kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya |
| 610 | 12.5, 14.0, 16.0, 19.0, 22.0, 25.4, 28.0 | UOE | 184.2 – 401.8 | 12m / 18m / 24m | Mitsetse mikuru yekutakura gasi |
| 711 | 14.0, 16.0, 19.0, 22.0, 25.4, 28.0, 30.0 | JCOE/UOE | 240.7 – 503.8 | 12m / 18m | Gasi remunyika dzakasiyana-siyana |
| 813 | 16.0, 19.0, 22.0, 25.4, 30.0, 32.0, 35.0 | JCOE | 314.4 – 671.4 | 12m / 18m | Kutumira kunze kwenyika |
| 914 | 19.0, 22.0, 25.4, 30.0, 35.0, 38.0, 40.0 | JCOE | 419.5 – 862.0 | 12m / 18m | Gasi remvura yakadzika |
| 1,016 | 22.0, 25.4, 30.0, 35.0, 40.0, 45.0, 50.0 | JCOE/Yakamoneredzwa | 539.2 – 1,191.7 | 12m | Mvura yakadzika kwazvo |
| 1,220 | 25.4, 30.0, 35.0, 40.0, 45.0, 50.0, 55.0 | Yakakungurutswa (imwe chete) | 748.4 – 1,577.8 | 12m | Mapaipi eArctic |
| 1,422 | 30.0, 35.0, 40.0, 45.0, 50.0, 55.0, 60.0 | Yakakungurutswa (imwe chete) | 1,030 - 2,016 | 12m | CO₂ ine kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya |
| 1,600 | 35.0, 40.0, 50.0, 60.0, 70.0 | Yakakungurutswa (kaviri) | 1,350 - 2,640 | 10m / 12m | Purojekiti yakakosha |
*Mapaipi eX65 ane madziro akaremara (≥ 25mm yekushanda semvura inovava, ≥ 32mm yemvura isina kuvava) anoda PWHT. X65 yemvura yakadzika inoda Charpy impact pa -20°C kana pasi uye kuyedzwa kweCTOD.*
5. Mitemo Yakafanana & Magiredhi - LSAW Line Pipe & Structural Pipe
| Zvakajairika | Magiredhi eSimbi | Kushandiswa Kwakajairika | Maitiro Ekuumba |
| API 5L PSL1/PSL2 | X65, X70 | Kutapurirana kwemafuta/gasi | JCOE/UOE/Yakamoneredzwa |
| API 5L PSL2 (yakaonda) | X65, X70 | Basa reSour (H₂S) | UOE + PWHT |
| ISO 3183 | L450, L485 | Mapurojekiti epasi rose | JCOE/UOE |
| DNV-OS-F101 | L450, L485 | Mapaipi epasi pegungwa | UOE |
| EN 10217-1 | S355JR | Machubhu ekumanikidza | JCOE |
| NORSOK M-120 | X65 | Puratifomu yekunze kwenyika | UOE |
| ASTM A671 | CC65, CC70 | Tembiricha yakaderera | Yakakungurutswa |
Pfupiso yekushandiswa:Mapaipi ekutumira gasi mumvura yakadzika, mitsetse yemagetsi ine simba guru, mapaipi ebasa rakaoma, mapaipi eCO₂ eCCS, mapasi pegungwa, kutakurwa kwegasi reArctic.
6. Maitiro Ekugadzira - LSAW (JCOE / UOE / Rolled Plate) yeX65 Steel Pipe
X65 inoda ma TMCP (thermomechanical controlled processing) plates uye kudzora kupisa panguva yeSAW welding kuti HAZ irambe yakasimba.
Maitiro eJCOE (406–1,422mm OD, 6.0–50.8mm WIT):
● Kugaya simbi yeplate (X kana J bevel) nemazvo ± 0.5mm
● Kukombama kwemativi kusati kwaitwa
● Kuumbwa kweJCO kwakatevedzana
● Kubatanidza zvidzitiro (zvidzitiro zvakakamurwa)
● Inner SAW (kupisa kwemukati ≤ 2.5 kJ/mm yeX65)
● Kubvisa zvikanganiso
● KUSAW YEKUNZE (kupfuura nepakati, tembiricha yekupinda nepakati ≤ 200°C)
● Kuwedzera kwemuchina (1-1.5% OD)
● Yakakodzera mitsetse yakawanda yeX65 iri pamhenderekedzo yegungwa
Maitiro eUOE (508–1,220mm OD, 6.0–40mm WIT):
● Kudzvanya kweU (2000-4000t)
● O-press (3000-6000t)
● Kuwedzera kwemuchina (zvikamu 48-72)
● Kukwesha nechinhu chinodzora kupisa
● Inoshandiswa pamapaipi emvura yakadzika ari pedyo negungwa (± 0.2% kutenderera, kushushikana kushoma kwekusara)
Purati Yakamoneredzwa (Musono Mumwe Chete) weMadziro Anorema (600–1,600mm OD, 25–70mm WIT):
● Kukotama kwe4-roll mu cylinder
● Kuona zvinhu zvakawanda (mudzi, zadza, chivharo)
● PWHT inosungirwa pakugadzira madziro ane ukobvu hwe ≥ 25mm kuti ashande zvakanaka
● Inoshandiswa pakushandisa CO₂ ine simba rakawanda uye kubaya mvura
Kurapa Kupisa Mushure meWeld (PWHT):Pabasa reX65 sour, PWHT inoiswa pamadziro ese akakora ≥ 25mm (kana sezvakatsanangurwa). Kupisa kwekunyorova 580-620°C, chengeta awa imwe pa25mm. Mwero wekutonhodza ≤ 200°C paawa. Kuoma mushure mePWHT: base metal 78-85 HRB, weld 82-88 HRB.
Kugona kwekupisa kwakaderera uye CTOD:Pakushandiswa kwekunze kwenyika nekunze kweArctic, Womic inopa X65 Charpy impact pa -46°C (min 27J, typical 100-150J) uye kuyedzwa kweCTOD (Crack Tip Opening Displacement) zvichienderana neBS 7448 kana ASTM E1820. Kukosha kweCTOD kwakajairika: ≥ 0.25mm pa -20°C yesimbi yeweld neHAZ.
7. Maitiro Ekuongorora Hunhu uye Kuedza Pipe yesimbi yeAPI 5L X65 LSAW
| Danho | Nzira yekuongorora | Chinangwa | Maitiro Anoshanda |
| Ndiro | Kuongorora Makemikari (OES) | Simbisai kuumbwa kweX65 | Zvese |
| Ndiro | Ultrasonic (lamination) | Tsvaga zvikanganiso zvemukati | Zvese |
| Ndiro | Kusimba (L+T) | Hunhu hwemakanika | Zvese |
| Ndiro | Saizi yezviyo (ASTM E112) | Tsanga yakanaka (ASTM 10+) | X65 PSL2 |
| Panguva yekuumbwa | Dimensional (OD, ovality) | Iva nechokwadi chekuti zvakafanana | Zvese |
| Musono we weld | 100% Otomatiki UT (TOFD) | Tarisa zvikanganiso zve weld | Zvese |
| Musono we weld | RT (nzvimbo/yakazara) | Hunhu hwekunamira | Zvese |
| Musono we weld | MPI (zvigunwe/HAZ) | Matsemuka epamusoro | Zvese |
| Musono we weld | Kuoma kwenzira (weld, HAZ, BM) | Basa rekudya | PSL2 yakaoma |
| Pombi yapera | Kuedzwa kweHydrostatic | Kutendeseka kwekumanikidzwa | Zvese |
| Pombi yapera | Charpy V-Notch (PSL2) | Kusimba kwekupisa kwakaderera | PSL2 chete |
| Pombi yapera | Kuomarara (HRB/HV10) | Kutevedzera mitemo | PSL2 yakaoma |
| Pombi yapera | Kukombama Kunotungamirirwa / Kukweva | Kugona kuita zvinhu | Zvese |
| Pombi yapera | DWTT (sarudzo) | Kupararira kwekukuvara | Arctic |
| Pombi yapera | CTOD (sarudzo) | Kusimba kwekutyoka | Mvura yakadzika/mvura yakadzika |
Sarudzo yebasa rinokosha:
● HIC paNACE TM0284 (Mhinduro A kana B, 96h)
● SSC per NACE TM0177 (Nzira A, 720h)
● Kupisa kwakaderera pa -46°C, -60°C
● DWTT pa -20°C kana pasi (≥ 85% nzvimbo yekuchekerera)
● CTOD pa -20°C kana -46°C (≥ 0.25mm)
● UT yemuviri wese (kwete musono chete)
Kuongororwa kwengura (CO₂, mvura ine munyu)
8. Mashandisirwo Ekutanga - API 5L X65 LSAW Steel Pipe
Mapaipi emafuta anotengeswa kunze kwenyika mumvura yakadzika- Kudzika kwemvura kusvika 3,000m, kuramba kumanikidzwa kwekunze kwakanyanya (maitiro eUOE ane kutenderera kwakasimba)
Mitsetse yekutakura gasi rechisikigo ine simba guru- Kumanikidzwa kwekushanda kusvika ku15 MPa (2,200 psi), kuderedza ukobvu hwemadziro zvichienzaniswa nemagiredhi akaderera
Mapaipi emafuta negesi ane basa resour– Nzvimbo dzine H₂S (PSL2 ine HIC/SSC, PWHT, kuomarara ≤ 85 HRB)
Mapaipi eCO₂ ekutora nekuchengetera kabhoni (CCS)- Kutakura CO₂ ine kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya, kunoda kusimba kwekupisa kwakaderera
Mitsetse inokwira pasi pegungwa uye mitsetse inoyerera- Mashandisirwo anochinja-chinja anoda CTOD uye kuyedzwa kwekuneta
Mapaipi egasi eArctic nepermafrost– Kupisa kwakaderera kunodzikira kusvika -46°C, DWTT yekudzora kutyoka kweganda
Mitsetse yekuisa mvura ine simba guru- Kudzoreredza mafuta kwakawedzerwa, kumanikidzwa kusvika ku35 MPa
Zvidimbu zvekuwedzera kwepombi- Mashandisirwo ane simba guru anoda dhizaini yakavakirwa pasimba (X65 ine chiyero chakatarwa chegoho)
9. Kurongedza & Kutumira - API 5L X65 LSAW Steel Pipe
Zvakafanana nezvigadzirwa zvekare zvine kutarisirwa kwakawedzerwa kwekudzivirira kuputira pamapombi eX65 anokosha zvikuru. Mapombi anozadzwa rimwe nerimwe nematanda ane dunnage, mavharo ekupedzisira, uye mabhegi emhepo anodzivirira ngura ekufamba mugungwa kwenguva refu. Kune mapurojekiti emvura yakadzika, kutarisisa kwakanyanya kunopiwa kudzivirira bevel.
10. Mabhenefiti eSimbi yeWomic & Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa - API 5L X65 LSAW Steel Pipe
Sei Womic Steel yeX65 LSAW?
● Maitiro eUOE anopa ±0.2% OD roundness - zvakakosha pakudzivirira kudonha kwemvura yakadzika
● Basa rakasimba rakabvumidzwa neHIC/SSC uye PWHT
● Kupisa kwakaderera kusvika -60°C uye kuyedzwa kweCTOD kwemakanika ekutyoka
● API 5L Monogram + DNV mvumo yekunze kwenyika
● Mapaipi eX65 anopfuura makiromita 1,200 anopiwa pasi rose
● Kuongororwa kwevamwe vanhu neDNV, ABS, BV, SGS, TÜV
Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa:
Mubvunzo: Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati peX65 neX60 pamapaipi ekunze kwenyika?
A: X65 inopa simba rekuwedzera goho ne8% (450 vs 415 MPa), zvichiita kuti madziro akatetepa zvishoma. Kune mvura yakadzika (≥ 1,000m), X65 inowanzo shandiswa nekuda kwekudzivirira kwayo kudonha uye kushanda kwayo kuneta. Zvisinei, X65 inoda nzira dzakaoma dzekusveta uye inonzwa zvakanyanya kupwanyika kwehydrogen. Kune mvura yakadzika <500m, X60 inogona kunge isingadhuri zvakanyanya.
Mubvunzo: Munogona here kupa X65 bvunzo dzeCTOD dzevanokwira makomo vari kunze kwenyika?
A: Ehe. Isu tinoita bvunzo dzeCTOD zvichienderana neBS 7448 kana ASTM E1820 patembiricha yakatarwa (kazhinji -20°C kana -46°C). Hunhu hushoma hweCTOD: 0.25mm yesimbi yeweld, 0.30mm yeHAZ. Takapa X65 yakaedzwa neCTOD ku北海uye mapurojekiti eSoutheast Asia ari mumhenderekedzo yegungwa.
Mubvunzo: Upfumi hwakanyanya hwepamadziro epaipi yeX65 LSAW hwakaita sei?
A: JCOE/UOE ine musono wepamusoro we50.8mm, plate yakakungurutswa imwe chete kusvika 70mm, plate yakakungurutswa ine musono wepakati kusvika 80mm. Kuti madziro akobvu kupfuura 50.8mm, PWHT inosungirwa. Munguva pfupi yapfuura takapa X65 1,016mm OD × 60mm WT yepombi yeCO₂ ine simba rakawanda.
Mubvunzo: Unoita sei kuti HAZ iome pakugadzira welding yemunda yeX65?
A: Tinodzora makemikari eplate (pasi peCEV, ≤ 0.40%), kupisa mukati meSAW (≤ 2.5 kJ/mm), uye tembiricha yepakati (≤ 200°C). Tinopa mazano ekugadzirisa maitiro ewelding (WPQ) kune vatengi uye tinokwanisa kupa masampuli ekushandisa ewelding. Kukanganisa kweHAZ Charpy kwakajairika pa -20°C: 120-200J.
Mubvunzo: X65 yakakodzera here kushandiswa sevhisi yesour (H₂S)?
A: Hongu, asi inoda PSL2 ine CEV yakaderera (≤ 0.40%), PWHT yehukobvu hwemadziro ese ≥ 20mm, kuomarara ≤ 85 HRB, uye kuyedzwa kweHIC/SSC. Womic yakapa sour service X65 kuMiddle East (30 ppm H₂S) neCanada (sour gas).
Q: Ndeipi nguva yakajairika yekupa pombi yeX65 LSAW?
A: Standard X65 PSL1: Mazuva 40-55. X65 PSL2 ine sevhisi yakaoma uye PWHT: Mazuva 60-80. Maodha ekukurumidzisa (mazuva 30-45) ehuwandu husingasviki matani 2,000 kana maplate aripo.
Chirevo cheProjekti - North Sea Deepwater Gas Export Pipeline
Nyika:Norway (North Sea, nzvimbo yeBalder field)
Standard & Giredhi:API 5L X65 PSL2 ine sevhisi yakakora uye zvinodiwa neCTOD
Zviyero & Huwandu:
● OD 610mm (24″) × Huremu 22.2mm – 28,000 metres (anenge matani 9,200) yakagadzirwa neUOE process
● OD 610mm (24″) × Huremu 25.4mm – 6,000 metres (anenge matani 2,300) yakagadzirwa neUOE process (rusvingo rwakakora rwechikamu chinokwidza)
● OD 813mm (32″) × Huremu 30.0mm – 4,000 metres (anenge matani 2,500) yakagadzirwa ne rolled plate single seam (yekusvika pamhenderekedzo yegungwa)
Huwandu:Mamita 38,000 (38 km), matani angangoita 14,000
Magadzirirwo:Kuvhara kwekunze kwe3LPP (3.5mm ukobvu hwese) kuti ishandiswe pakupisa kwakanyanya (110°C), magumo akachekwa 30° / 1.6mm ane midzi yesimbi isina ngura, hydrotest pa22.5 MPa (dhizaini yekumanikidza 17.0 MPa). Kurovera kweCharpy kunodiwa pa -20°C (min 50J, yakawanikwa 120-200J) uye pa -46°C (min 27J, yakawanikwa 80-150J). Kuyedzwa kweCTOD zvichienderana neBS 7448 pa -20°C - kugamuchirwa: simbi yeweld ≥ 0.25mm, HAZ ≥ 0.30mm. HIC paNACE TM0284 (Solution A, 96h) - kugamuchirwa: CLR 0%, CTR 0%, CSR 0%. SSC paNACE TM0177 - hapana kutsemuka. PWHT yakashandiswa pamapaipi ese nekuda kwebasa rakaoma. 100% UT ine TOFD uye UT yakazara (kwete kungosonera chete). Kuongororwa kweDNV nevamwe panguva yekugadzira.
Kushandiswa:Pombi yekuburitsa gasi mumvura yakadzika kubva kumunda weBalder (kudzika kwemvura 800-1,200m) kuenda kunzvimbo yekugamuchira mvura iri pamhenderekedzo yegungwa muNorway. Pombi iyi ine makiromita makumi matatu nemasere inosanganisira chikamu chinokwira (2 km, 25.4mm WT) uye nzira yekuenda kumahombekombe ichipinda munzvimbo ine matombo (4 km, 30mm WT rolled plate).
Matambudziko ehunyanzvi nemhinduro:
● Kudzivirira kudonha kwemvura yakadzika– Kudzika kwemvura kusvika 1,200m kunoisa kumanikidzwa kwekunze kwe12.5 MPa. Pombi yeUOE ye24″ × 22.2mm inodiwa kuti isvike kumanikidzwa kwekudonha kwemvura ≥ 25 MPa (safety factor 2). Womic yakagadzira mapombi eUOE ane ovality ≤ 0.2% (akayerwa pa0.15-0.18%) uye residual stress ≤ 35% SMYS. Takaita finite element analysis (FEA) pamatanho ekugadzira uye takasimbisa ne collapse pressure testing pasampuli mbiri dzakazara (dzakawana 28.5 MPa uye 29.2 MPa).
● Basa rakashata rine H₂S yakakwira– Gasi iri rine 50 ppm H₂S patembiricha yekushanda ye90°C. Maplate eWomic akasarudzwa ane kabhoni shoma (C ≤ 0.07%), ane manganese shoma (Mn ≤ 1.40%), ane sarufa shoma (S ≤ 0.002%) ane calcium therapy. CEV yakachengetedzwa pa0.35-0.38%. PWHT yakashandiswa pamapaipi ese (kunyorova 600°C ± 10°C, chengeta kwemaawa 1.5). Kuoma mushure mePWHT: base metal 78-84 HRB, weld 82-86 HRB, HAZ 80-84 HRB. Miedzo yeHIC neSSC yakapasa pasina kutsemuka.
● Kusimba kweCTOD pakutyoka kwemuchina wekusimudzira– Chikamu chinosimudzira simba chinoda kusimba kwakanyanya kuti chigone kupwanyika kuti chigone kutsungirira kuzara kwemafungu. Womic yakaita bvunzo dzeCTOD pasimbi yeweld neHAZ pa -20°C. Mhedzisiro: simbi yeweld 0.35-0.55mm (≥ 0.25mm inodiwa), HAZ 0.40-0.70mm (≥ 0.30mm inodiwa). Takaitawo Charpy yekupisa kwakaderera pa -46°C (avhareji 110J). DNV yakaona bvunzo dzese dzeCTOD.
● Kupfeka kwekupisa kwakanyanya (3LPP)– Tembiricha yekushanda iri 90°C, ine peak ye110°C panguva yekuvharwa. Standard 3LPE (polyethylene) inogumira pa80°C. Womic yakaiswa 3LPP (polypropylene) coating ine ukobvu hwe3.5mm (top layer 2.5mm + adhesive 0.5mm + FBE 0.5mm). Coating yakapasa cathodic disbondment test pa110°C (disbondment radius ≤ 8mm mushure memazuva makumi maviri nemasere). Simba rekubvisa pa110°C rakayerwa pa60 N/cm (minimum 50 N/cm).
● Kushivirira kwakanyanya kwekuisa reel-lay– Pombi iyi yakaiswa uchishandisa nzira yekudzika madziro (pombi yakasungirirwa pamudziyo wereel). Izvi zvinoda kudzora kukwirira kweovality (≤ 0.2%) uye kureba kwekusimbisa weld ≤ 0.5mm. Maitiro eWomic's UOE akawana ovality 0.15-0.18%. Takagaya ma weld caps kusvika pakukwirira kwe ≤ 0.3mm. Mapombi ese akapasa bvunzo yakakosha ye "reelability": ma cycle gumi ekuwedzera madziro pasina kutsemuka.
● Kutakura zvinhu kuenda kuNorway– Mapaipi akatumirwa kubva kuShanghai kuenda kuStavanger, Norway nechikepe che break-bulk (chinotakura mapaipi chakasarudzika). Kuyambuka gungwa reNorth Sea munguva yechando kwaida kurongedza kunodzivirira kunyorova. Mabhegi eWomic akashandisa VCI (vapor corrosion inhibitor) uye silica gel desiccants mukati meend caps. Matani ese 14,000 akasvika asina kukuvara kana kukuvara kwe coating.
Mhedzisiro:Pombi yeBalder field gasi yekuburitsa kunze yakaiswa mukota yechitatu ya2024. Kuiswa kwereel-lay (kwakaitwa nekambani inotungamira mugungwa) kwakaratidza kuti hapana kutadza kwepombi kana weld seam panguva yekuisa nekuisa. Makiromita ese makumi matatu nemasere akapfuura bvunzo yekumanikidzwa pasi pegungwa. Mutengi (mushandi mukuru wekuNorway) akapa "Supplier Performance Award" kuWomic Steel, achitaura "kugadzikana kwakasiyana uye mhedzisiro yeCTOD." Womic ikozvino mutengesi akatenderwa kune mamwe mapurojekiti maviri eNorth Sea tie-back.
Bata nesu:
Webhusaiti: www.womicsteel.com
E-mail: sales@womicsteel.com
Nhare / WhatsApp / WeChat:
Victor: +86 15575100681
Jack: +86 18390957568
Womic Steel – Mubatsiri wako wakavimbika wemapaipi eAPI 5L X65 LSAW emapaipi emvura yakadzika kubva kumahombekombe, mitsetse yemafuta ane simba guru, sevhisi inonaka, uye mashandisirwo eArctic pasi rese.
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