T91+Alloy 28 Bimetal Metallurgical Clad Pipe | Tube Isina Musono Inodzivisa Kupisa + Kuora - Womic Steel Mufananidzo Unoratidzwa

T91+Alloy 28 Bimetal Metallurgical Clad Pipe | Tube Isina Musono Inodzivirira Kupisa + Kuora - Simbi Yevakadzi

Tsananguro pfupi:

Pombi yeT91+Alloy 28 yakasungirirwa nesimbi. Outer T91 (X10CrMoVNb9-1) inopa simba rekukwira kusvika 650°C; inner Alloy 28 (UNS N08028) inodzivirira machloride akawanda, sulfuric/phosphoric acid, uye mamiriro ekuoma. Yakagadzirwa ne centrifugal casting + hot extrusion - isina musono, haina weld yakareba. Yakanakira machubhu e superheater, marara ekupisa, makemikari anochinja-chinja kupisa panguva yekupisa.

Tumira email kwatiri Zvimiro zveChigadzirwa

Ruzivo rweChigadzirwa

Matagi eChigadzirwa

Yekunze (Inotsigira)

Yekunze (Inotsigira):T91 (X10CrMoVNb9-1 / 1.4903 / A213 T91) – simbi inodzivirira kukwira kwemvura ine martensitic, ine simba rakawanda re650°C

Chifukidziro Chemukati (Chemukati):Alloy 28 (UNS N08028 / 1.4563 / Sandvik 28) - yakakwirira Cr/Ni/Mo/Cu austenitic alloy, PREN 38–40

Saizi Yehukuru:OD 38mm – 168mm; Ukobvu hwemadziro ekunze 4mm – 15mm; Ukobvu hwekuvhara 1.8mm – 3.5mm; Kureba kumwe chete kusvika 15m

Maitiro:Kukanda kweCentrifugal + kupisa kwekunze – simba rekuchekerera chisungo chesimbi ≥300 MPa

Mitemo:ASTM A213 (T91), API 5LD (pombi yakaputirwa), NACE MR0175, PED 2014/68/EU

Mashandisirwo:Maboiler super-supercritical superheaters/reheaters, mayuniti ekudzoreredza kupisa kwemarara (sulfuric acid plants), maexchanges ekupisa tembiricha yepamusoro emahydrocarbons ane chlorine, biomass/waste-to-energy plants

1. Pfupiso - Nei T91+Alloy 28 Clad Pipe

Kushandiswa kwekupisa kwakanyanya kunowanzoita dambudziko: chinhu chakasimba zvakakwana kuti chirarame chinokambaira (senge T91) chinoora mumagasi anokasira kana ma process streams; alloy inodzivirira ngura (senge Alloy 28) haina simba rekupisa kwakanyanya uye inodhura zvikuru.

T91+Alloy 28 bimetal clad pombiinogadzirisa izvi nekuparadzanisa mabasa:

lT91 yekunzeInotarisana nenzvimbo inopisa zvakanyanya (semuenzaniso, gasi remvura pa600-650°C) uye inopa simba rekupwanya kwemvura.

lChishongo Chemukati 28Inobata mvura inoparadza (semuenzaniso, acid condensate, chlorides) pamusoro wayo wemukati.

Musanganiswa wacho ndewemusono– hapana musono we weld weld weld – nekuda kwe centrifugal casting + hot extrusion process. Izvi zvinobvisa nzvimbo isina kusimba inowanikwa mumapaipi akasungirirwa.

Marongero akajairika apo T91+Alloy 28 inobudirira:

Kugadziriswa	Rutivi rwekunze	Rutivi rwemukati	Muenzaniso
Chitofu chemoto chebhaira	Gasi remvura inoyerera (650°C, rinoita kuti ioxidize)	Utsi hwemhepo (450 550°C, yakachena)	T91 inodzivirira oxidation yekunze; Alloy 28 haidiwi? Kutaura zvazviri, divi remhepo haridi alloy yakakosha. Muenzaniso uri nani:Chinochinja kupisa uko mvura inoparadza inoyerera mukati– T91 kunze inodziya kupisa kwakanyanya; Alloy 28 mukati inodzivirira ngura.
Kushandiswa kwakajairika kwakakodzera:Tubhura muchoto chekupisa marara pasi pechirimwa chesulfuric acid - inopisa (~500°C) SO₂/SO₃ gasi riri kunze (T91 handles inokwira), asidhi yakaderedzwa inogona kuungana mukati panguva yekukwira (Alloy 28 resists). Inoshandiswawo mumabhoyira ebiomassKo chlorine iri mugasi remvura inokonzera ngura pakupisa kwakanyanya - Alloy 28 inoshandiswa semukati wemukati here? Zviri nani kuisa cladding parutivi rwemoto. Asi dhizaini yedu inoisa cladding mukati, kumashure kunze. Ngatigadzirisei patsva: Pombi yakaputirwa inogona kutenderedzwa nechero nzira. Womic inogona kugadzira neCRA paID (yekukutu kwemukati) kana paOD (yekukutu kwekunze). T91+Alloy 28 inowanzo kupihwaChiumbwa chesimbi 28 chiri paIDuye T91 paOD.

Kuti zvive pachena:T91 yekunze (OD) inopa simba rekumanikidzwa uye kuramba kukwira; Alloy 28 yemukati (ID) inodzivirira ngura kubva mumvura inoyerera.Kana ngura yekunze iriyo nyaya, tinogona kudzosera kumashure machira acho.

2. Magadzirirwo eZvinhu

2.1 Kuumbwa kweMakemikoro (Zvakajairika, %)

Chinhu	T91 (Yekunze)	Chibage 28 (Chemukati)
Kabhoni (C)	0.08–0.12	≤0.03
Silikoni (Si)	0.20–0.50	≤0.50
Manganese (Mn)	0.30–0.60	≤2.00
Phosphorus (P)	≤0.020	≤0.030
Sarufa (S)	≤0.010	≤0.015
Chromium (Cr)	8.0–9.5	26.0–28.0
Nickel (Ni)	≤0.40	29.0–32.0
Molybdenum (Mo)	0.85–1.05	3.0–4.0
Mhangura (Cu)	—	0.6–1.4
Vanadium (V)	0.18–0.25	—
Niobium (Nb)	0.06–0.10	—
Nitrogen (N)	0.03–0.07	—

2.2 Zvimiro zveMichina (Kupisa Kwemukamuri)

Pfuma	T91	Chiwanikwa 28
Simba reKubereka (min, MPa)	415	220
Simba reKusimba (min, MPa)	585	500
Kureba (min, %)	20	30
Kuoma (kwakanyanya, HB)	250	230

2.3 Simba reTembiricha Yakanyanya (T91)

Tembiricha (°C)	Simba reKuputika kwe100,000h (MPa)	Simba reKubereka (MPa)
550	150	320
600	100	280
620	80	260
650	50	220

Alloy 28 inogumira pa ~450°C mukushanda kwekuora asi inogona kutsungirira tembiricha yepamusoro yesimbi mumamiriro ezvinhu asingaori.

2.4 Kuramba Kuora (Alloy 28)

Zvakatipoteredza	Kuramba
Sulfuric acid (huwandu hwese)	Yakanaka kwazvo kusvika 80°C
Asidhi yePhosphoric	Zvakanakisa
Machloride (gomba / muromo)	PREN 38-40, CPT ~50°C
H₂S + CO₂ + ma chloride	Yakanaka kwazvo (basa rakaoma)
Asidhi dzeorganic	Zvakanakisa

Alloy 28 inoshanda kupfuura 316L ne904L munzvimbo dzine chloride yakawanda + acid uye yakafanana neAlloy 825 muzviitiko zvakawanda.

3. Maitiro Ekugadzira - Kukanda Kwepakati Pasina Musono + Kuburitsa

Nhanho	Tsananguro
1. Kukanda chubhu yeAlloy 28 neCentrifugal	Alloy 28 melt inokandwa mukati me centrifugated muchubhu ine madziro akakora isina chinhu.
2. Isa & unganidza	Chigadziko cheAlloy 28 chinoiswa muT91 steel billet (chakatogadzirwa kuti chikwane).
3. Kupisa kunopisa	Chikamu chebhiri chinosanganiswa chinopiswa kusvika 1150-1200°C uye chinoburitswa kuburikidza nedhiziri. Chiyero chekuderedza zvakanyanya (≥8:1) chinoita kuti pave nechisungo chesimbi panzvimbo inopindirana. Kuburitsa zvinhu kunonatsawo chimiro chezviyo.
4. Kudhonza nechando / kukweva zvinhu zvisina basa (sarudzo)	Kuti zvive nyore kushivirira kana kuti zvidiki, zvinotonhora zvakawanda zvinoshandiswa pamwe chete ne intermediate annealing.
5. Kurapa kupisa	Kugadzirisa (1050°C) + kudziya (760°C) kweT91; Alloy 28 inonyungudutswa panguva imwe chete.
6. Kururamisa & kupedzisa	Kururamisa nemazvo, kucheka kusvika pakureba, kupenya kwekupedzisira.
7. NDT & kuyedzwa	Ona Chikamu 4.

4. Kudzora Hunhu & Kuedzwa

Bvunzo	Maitiro	Chikamu	Kugamuchira
Kuongorora makemikari	OES	Kupisa kwega kwega (zvikamu zvese zviri zviviri)	Pazvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana
Bond UT	Muviri wose, kureba + kuchekwa	Chubhu yakabudiswa 100%	Hapana kupatsanurwa >50mm
Kusimba @ RT	Muenzaniso werefu	Paboka rega rega	Inosangana nezvinodiwa
Kusimba kwekupisa kwakakwira	600°C (sarudzo)	Pakukumbira kwega kwega	Zvakataurwa
Kuputika kwetsvina	600°C / 650°C (sarudzo)	Pakukumbira kwega kwega	Zvakataurwa
Bvunzo rekuti "flattening"	Pamwe chete neASTM A1016	Chikamu chimwe nechimwe	Hapana mitswe
Kuedzwa kwemvura	1.5 × dhizaini yekumanikidzwa	Chubhu yega yega	Hapana kubuda kwemvura
Kuongorora kwehukuru	Mikromita / laser	100%	OD, WT, kureba
Kuora kwepakati pegranular	ASTM A262 Dzidzira E (paAlloy 28)	Pakukumbira kwega kwega	Hapana kurwiswa

Magwaro:EN 10204 Rudzi 3.1 (yakajairwa) kana Rudzi 3.2 (chapupu chechitatu).

5. Dimensional Range

OD (mm)	Kutsigira (T91) WT (mm)	Kufukidza (Alloy 28) Uremu (mm)	Kureba Kwakakura (m)
38.1	4.0 – 8.0	1.8 – 2.5	15
44.5	5.0 – 8.0	1.8 – 2.5	15
51.0	5.0 – 10.0	2.0 – 2.8	15
63.5	5.0 – 12.0	2.0 – 3.0	15
76.2	6.0 – 12.0	2.0 – 3.0	15
88.9	6.0 – 12.0	2.0 – 3.0	15
101.6	6.0 – 12.0	2.0 – 3.0	15
114.3	6.0 – 12.0	2.0 – 3.0	12
141.3	8.0 – 15.0	2.2 – 3.5	12
168.3	8.0 – 15.0	2.5 – 3.5	12

OD yakakura inogoneka kuburikidza nehot roll bonding (welded seam) - taura nesu kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo.

6. Maitiro Akajairika

● Machubhu ekupisa zvinodziya zvakanyanya kana kuti zvinodziyazve– apo tembiricha yedivi remhepo inoyerera inodarika 600°C uye divi remhepo inoputika kana kuti nzvimbo dzemukati dzinoda dziviriro yengura.

●Maboiler ekudzoreredza kupisa kwetsvina muzvirimwa zvesulfuric acid– gasi rinopisa reSO₂/SO₃ kunze, njodzi yekuoma kweasidhi mukati haina kusimba. T91 inopa simba rekukwira; Alloy 28 inodzivirira kurwiswa neasidhi.

●Zvinochinja-chinja kupisa zvakanyanya pakupisa kwemahydrocarbon ane chlorine- mvura yemukati ine ma chloride uye organic acids kusvika ku400°C; Alloy 28 inodzivirira kudonha kwevhu uye SCC.

●Biomass / marara kuzvirimwa zvesimba– gasi remvura rine chlorine nealkali salts; T91+Alloy 28 clad tube (ine Alloy 28 parutivi rwemoto) inowedzera hupenyu hwechubhu.

●Hydrogen reformer / syngas cooler- sevhisi uko kune tembiricha yakakwira uye ngura netsvina inodonha zvishoma.

7. Nei Simbi yeWomic yeT91+Alloy 28

●Kuvaka kusina musono- hapana musono we weld weld weld, zvichibvisa nzvimbo yekukundikana yakajairika mukushanda kwecyclic tembiricha yakakwira.

● Nzira yekuburitsa yakaratidzwa– Tine ruzivo rwekugadzira machubhu madiki, ane dhayamita diki, akavharwa pamadziro matete ekushandisa mumabhaira uye muchina wekupisa.

● Kugona kweU-bend– Kukotama kwakadzikama nekupisa; kunogona kupa zvinhu zvakagadzirwa zvizere zve superheater.

● Kunyatso teverwa– Chubhu yega yega yakanyorwa nhamba dzekupisa dzeT91 neAlloy 28.

● Chitupa– EN 10204 Type 3.2 inowanikwa; inogona kushanda neTÜV, BV, kana DNV kuti itevedzere kodhi yebhoyira.

8. Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa

Mubvunzo: T91+Alloy 28 inogona kushandiswa here pakushandisa hydrogen ine pressure yakakwira?
A: T91 inogona kubatwa nehydrogen brittle kana tembiricha yakakwira. Kuti ishandiswe nehydrogen, tinokurudzira simbi isina alloy yakawanda + 316L kana Inconel 625 clad. Tibatei kuti muwane mazano chaiwo.

Mubvunzo: Ko chifukidziro cheAlloy 28 chinogara chiri paID here?
A: Chimiro chedu chakajairika iAlloy 28 paID (kurutivi rwemvura). Pamashandisirwo anoitwa ngura yekunze (semuenzaniso, gasi rinopisa rinopisa kunze), tinogona kugadzira chubhu ine Alloy 28 paOD. Ndapota tsanangurai nzira yatinofanira kutevedzera patinenge tichiodha.

Q: Ndeipi ukobvu hushoma hwe cladding kuti chisungo chakavimbika chive chii?
A: Pakubvisa tsvina isina musono, 1.5mm ndiyo diki inoshanda. Pakubvisa ngura yakawanda, tinokurudzira ≥2.0mm.

Q: Unogona kupa maU-bends here?
A: Ehe. Tinoita kukotama kunotonhora ne mandrel, tozopedzisira taita kurapwa kwekupisa kwakazara (kuderedza kushushikana kana kugadzirisa + kudziya) uye 100% NDT yechikamu chakakotama.

Mubvunzo: Alloy 28 inoenzaniswa sei neIncoloy 825?
A: Alloy 28 ine Cr neNi yakakwira, Mo yakaderera zvishoma, uye ine Cu. Yakafanana zvikuru mukudzivirira ngura zvachose. Alloy 28 inowanzo shanda zvakanaka muEurope; Incoloy 825 inowanikwa zvakanyanya mumapurojekiti eUS spec. Ose anogona kushandiswa sevhisi yakafanana yeacidic/chloride. Tinopa chero chipi zvacho kana chakumbirwa.